伊迪丝·华顿传记书写述评

An Overview of the Biographical Writings on Edith Wharton

20世纪70年代以来,多部伊迪丝·华顿传记获得普利策奖等重量级奖项;近十年来,伊迪丝·华顿传记更是接连涌现。伊迪丝·华顿传记书写已经成为伊迪丝·华顿研究的一个突出部分,对伊迪丝·华顿的接受发挥着关键作用。因此,对伊迪丝·华顿传记的厘清有助于总览、预判伊迪丝·华顿研究的进程和走向。本文系统梳理了自伊迪丝·华顿逝世后至2018年的相关传记,发现不同时期的伊迪丝·华顿传记书写有其自身的特点,并发生了明显的转变:在理论视角上经历了从女性主义到文化研究的转变,在书写方式上经历了从以语言叙事为主到图文并重的转变,在书写范围上经历了从全景式书写到特定时空范围的局部书写的转变。

Since the 1970s,several biographies on Edith Wharton have won important prizes;and in the last decade,many more were written.Biographical writings on Edith Wharton have become an outstanding part of Edith Wharton studics,playing key roles in the receptive history of Edith Wharton.Therefore,an examination of the biographies will be helpful to take an overview and prediction of the whole Edith Wharton studies.This essay analyzes the biographies on Edith Wharton since her death,presenting their features.In general,there are three major turns:from feminism to cultural studics in rescarch paradigm,from emphasis on language to valuing both pictures and language in narrative methods,from panoramic life writing to particular space and time in narrative scope.