摘要
Good food safety practices along the whole food supply chain are required to ensure food quality and prevent contamination,which compromises the safety of foods consumed.Contamination in foods may be chemical(e.g.,toxic chemicals such as aflatoxins and pesticide residues)or microbial(e.g.,pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria).Food safety breaches in any part of the food chain can result in unsafe food,which,if consumed,increases the risk of foodborne illness.The globalization and complexity of the food supply chain has resulted in greater exposure and increasing vulnerability to food safety threats.The way in which food safety is managed is being transformed by technological innovations and changes to regulations.On the technological front,advances in sensors and real-time measurement,as well as improved methods of analysis(e.g.,more accurate identification of pesticides,gene sequencing,robotics,big data,and the Internet of Things),have driven the digitalization of the food safety chain.Food safety standards set by food regulatory bodies have been managed by government and authorized bodies to ensure compliance through food safety inspections.Regulatory changes,such as the introduction of the Food Safety Modernization Act in the United States in 2011,have facilitated a more proactive role in food safety management by private industry.
