应急管理的中国模式——基于结构、过程与功能的视角

The Chinese Model of Emergence Management: From the Perspective of Structure,Process and Function

应急管理通常涉及国家与社会两个层面,但这两个层面在不同国家的含义和二者之间的关系方面差异较大。本文以结构、过程和功能的视角,重点分析中国共产党和"国家与社会"的特殊关系,分析党对应急管理的结构性介入,同时,以武汉市成功防控新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为例,展示党领导国家与社会的互动过程及其成效,从而揭示出中国应急管理模式最大的特点和优势是中国共产党的领导。这种应急管理模式在应对重大突发事件时十分有效,但是,成本代价也很大。因此,应以总结新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控工作为契机,统筹完善常规应急管理体系与非常规应急管理体系,进一步理顺党、国家与社会的关系。

Emergence management concerns both the state and the society. However,the implications and relationships of the state and the society vary in different countries.This paper focuses on the relationship between the Communist Party of China( CPC) and the "state-society " from the perspective of the structure,process,and function. It analyzes how the CPC is structurally involved in emergency management. Fighting against the Covid-19 pandemic in Wuhan is used as an example to demonstrate the process and effectiveness of interaction between the state and the society under the leadership of the CPC. The case study shows that the most critical characteristics and advantage of the Chinese emergence management is the leadership of the CPC. These characteristics and advantages are extremely effective in dealing with unconventional major emergencies,but the cost is also immense. It is necessary to reflect and learn from the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic,establish both systems of conventional and unconventional emergency management,and further clarify relationships among the Party,the state and the society.