我国职业安全规制的演进特征及趋势研究——基于职业安全规制政策的文本分析

Research on the Evolution Characteristics and Trends of Occupational Safety Regulations in China——Text Analysis based on Occupational Safety Regulation Policies

职业安全规制作为政府规制的重要范畴,是政府制定和实施的规制法律政策与行为的总和。基于我国职业安全规制政策的文本分析,我国职业安全规制的演变大致分为初建规划时期(1949—1978)、改革调整时期(1979—2002)、巩固发展时期(2003—2011)和深化改革时期(2012—今)四个时期,实现向注重针对性和实施性的微观政策、向地方政府主动创新、向规范企业全生产过程以及兼顾市场化规制工具等转变,且不同层级的法律政策构成了中国特色的职业安全规制体系。未来应在强化安全监管力度、智能优化监管方式以及将应急管理和常态化监管有效结合等方面完善政府职业安全规制,助力平安中国建设。

As an important category of government regulation,occupational safety regulation is the sum of legal policies and behaviors formulated and implemented by the government.Occupational safety regulation is an important category of government regulation,which is the sum of regulation policies and actions formulated and implemented by the government.Based on the textual analysis of China’s occupational safety regulations,the evolution of China’s occupational safety regulations can be roughly divided into the period of initial planning(1949—1978),the period of reform and adjustment(1979—2002),the period of consolidation and development(2003—2011)and the deepening of reform(2012—),the transition to focus on targeted and implementable micro-policies,active innovation by local governments,standardization of the entire production process of enterprises,and market-oriented regulatory tools,etc.,and policies at different levels constitute occupations with Chinese characteristics Safety regulation system.In the future,we should improve government occupational safety regulations in terms of strengthening safety supervision,intelligently optimizing supervision methods,and effectively combining emergency management and normalized supervision to help build a safe China.