川西南冲断带深层地质构造与潜在油气勘探领域

Geological structures and potential petroleum exploration areas in the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt,SW China

应用地质、地震及钻井等资料,对川西南冲断带深层地质结构、构造演化和变形过程进行系统研究,探讨四川盆地西南(简称川西南)地区深层潜在的油气勘探领域。川西南冲断带在关键地质历史时期发育特征性的地层分布及构造变形结构,主要包括前震旦纪多个近南北向的裂谷构造、震旦系灯影组阶梯状台地-台缘构造、晚古生代早期的西部古隆起、晚古生代—中三叠世碳酸盐台地、晚三叠世至白垩纪的前陆斜坡和前缘隆起构造以及新生代多期多向再生前陆冲断构造等。现今川西南冲断带整体上表现为受中三叠统雷口坡组内盐层和基底拆离层控制的双层冲断变形几何学结构,浅变形层发育构造位移远距离传播的北东—南西走向的滑脱冲断构造;而深变形层则发育基底卷入的近南北走向的基底褶皱,并改造了上部早期形成的滑脱冲断构造,改造强度南强北弱。川西南冲断带南部地区以晚期基底冲断褶皱构造为特征,而中—北部地区则以浅层滑脱冲断为主。靠近山前的雾中山构造带呈现滑脱推覆结构特征,上盘推覆构造为复杂化的断层转折褶皱核部和前翼,深层则发育稳定的隐伏原地构造。从构造变形结构分析,区域盐滑脱层上、下的构造变形层中都发育了有利的勘探层系和区带,各变形层中多排显性背斜构造带是重点领域。而雾中山构造带深层原地隐伏的震旦系和二叠系、深层隐伏的前震旦纪裂谷层序及相关构造、震旦系灯影组台地-台缘带以及龙泉山构造东侧的印支期古隆起等是川西南冲断带潜在油气勘探领域。

Based on the latest geological,seismic,drilling and outcrop data,we studied the geological structure,tectonic evolution history and deformation process of the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt to find out the potential hydrocarbon exploration areas in deep layers.During key tectonic periods,the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt developed some characteristic strata and structural deformation features,including the Pre-Sinian multi-row N-S strike rifts,step-shaped platform-margin structures of Sinian Dengying Formation,the western paleo-uplift in the early stage of Late Paleozoic,the Late Paleozoic–Middle Triassic carbonate platform,foreland slope and forebulge during Late Triassic to Cretaceous,and Cenozoic multi-strike rejuvenated fold-thrusting structures.The fold-thrust belt vertically shows a double-layer structural deformation controlled by the salt layer in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation and the base detachment layer at present.The upper deformation layer develops the NE-SW strike thrusts propagating toward basin in long distance,while the deeper deformation layer had near north-south strike basement-involved folds,which deformed the detachment and thrusting structures formed earlier in the upper layer,with the deformation strength high in south part and weak in north part.The southern part of the fold-thrust belt is characterized by basement-involved fold-thrusts formed late,while the central-northern part is dominated by thin-skin thrusts in the shallow layer.The Wuzhongshan anticlinal belt near piedmont is characterized by over-thrust structure above the salt detachment,where the upper over-thrusting nappe consists of a complicated fold core and front limb of a fault-bend fold,while the deep layer has stable subtle in-situ structures.Favorable exploration strata and areas have been identified both in the upper and deeper deformation layers separated by regional salt detachment,wherein multiple anticlinal structures are targets for exploration.Other potential exploration strata and areas in southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt include the deep Sinian and Permian in the Wuzhongshan structure,pre-Sinian rifting sequences and related structures,platform-margin belt of Sinian Dengying Formation,and Indosinian paleo-uplift in the east of the Longquanshan structure.