“自下而上”混合居住的老城社区社会空间特征研究--以苏州古城社区为例

Study on the Social Space Characteristics of the Community in Ancient City under the"Bottom-Up"Mixed Dwelling Mode——Take the Suzhou Ancient City Community as an Example

混合居住被认为是解决当下居住分异加剧的重要手段,全面剖析混合居住模式的社会空间与社会效应,能透彻理解混合社区的价值和问题,为混合社区的建设、改善提供实证依据。文章运用问卷调查和访谈等方法,对苏州古城"环秀-察院场"社区进行了深入的调查研究,分析"自下而上"形成的混合社区在居住、就业、交往三个维度的社会空间特征和社会影响,得出该模式具有庇护和支持的双重特征,对社区的包容与活力有促进作用,但同时会引起物质空间极化、邻里关系恶化、社区价值埋没等负面影响。该模式的局限性源于"自下而上"不可控的特点,提出模式良好运行需要以功能齐全、形式多样、条件良好的物质空间为基础,注重对混合的对象、速度和尺度的引导和控制,同时不能忽视社会工作和时间沉淀等非物质空间手段的协助。

Mixed dwelling is considered to be an important means to solve the current intensified residential differentiation.It comprehensively analyzes the social space and social effects of mixed dwelling mode,can thoroughly understand the values and problems of mixed communities,and provides empirical evidence for the construction and improvement of mixed communities.This article uses questionnaire surveys and interviews to conduct in-depth investigations and studies on the"Huanxiu-Chayuanchang"community in the ancient city of Suzhou,and analyzes the social space characteristics and social impact of the mixed community formed from"bottom-up"in the three dimensions of residence,employment,and communication.It is concluded that the model has the dual characteristics of shelter and support,and promotes the tolerance and vitality of the community,but at the same time it will cause negative impacts such as polarization of physical space,deterioration of neighborhood relations,and community value burying.The limitation of this model stems from the uncontrollable characteristics of"bottom-up".It is proposed that the good operation of the model needs to rely on a full-featured,diverse,and wellconditioned material space,while not neglecting the assistance of non-physical space means such as social work and time precipitation.