基于格式塔心理学的开放住区外环境品质提升方法探析--以锦州市铁路住区为例

Analysis on the Methods of Improving the External Environmental Quality of Open Settlements Based on Gestalt Psychology——Take Jinzhou Railway Residential Area as an Example

锦州铁路住区是铁路相关单位为改善铁路职工住房质量而集中建设的一批住宅区。随着使用年限的增加,使得住区外环境在空间形态构成、景观元素配置等方面显现出诸多问题,场地使用率低亟待更新改造。文章基于环境体验和认知密切相关的格式塔心理学基本原则和经验成果,以案例解析的方式分析住区环境在主要外环境场地的更新与改造,总结铁路文化元素功能置换后,融入到既有环境品质提升中的具体组织方式,以期为具有同类社区特征的既有老旧小区的微改造提供可借鉴的设计方法参照。

The Jinzhou Railway Residential Area is a residential area built by railway-related units to improve the housing quality of railway employees.With the increase of the service life,the environment outside the residential area has shown many problems in terms of spatial morphological composition and landscape element configuration.The site utilization rate is low and urgently and needs to be renovated.Based on the basic principles and empirical results of Gestalt Psychology,which are closely related to environmental experience and cognition,the case analysis is used to analyze the renovation and reconstruction of the residential environment at the main external environment site.There are specific organizational methods in environmental quality improvement.It can provide a reference for design methods for the microreconstruction of existing old communities with the characteristics of similar communities.