人工智能“创作”行为的法律性质探析

Study on the legal nature of“creation”of artificial intelligence

人工智能“创作”行为的法律性质在学理与司法上中均有争议。著作权法中创作行为的认定标准应包含“智力活动”与“直接因果关系”两个要件,认定人工智能“创作”行为是否构成著作权法意义上的创作之重点在于判断人工智能“创作”过程中是否存在人类的干预行为以及该行为是否属于智力活动。关于干预行为与生成物的因果关系认定,可以参考相当因果关系理论,判断干预行为对人工智能生成物的独创性影响是否具有相当性。此外,为避免语义歧义并遵循学理通说与司法惯例,应进一步完善《中华人民共和国著作权法实施条例》第三条。

The legal nature of the“creation”of artificial intelligence is controversial in both theory and case law.This paper interprets that the criteria for identifying creative acts in copyright law should include two elements,intellectual activity and direct causality.The key point of determining whether AI’s creative act constitutes the creation in the sense of copyright law is to judge whether there is human intervention and intellectual activity.When it comes to causality between human intervention and AI products,this studies uses the theory of appropriate causal relationship to judge whether intervention have a causal relationship with the influence of originality of AI product.Otherwise,the Article 3 of the Rules for the Implementation of the Copyright Law shall be modified to avoid linguistic misunderstanding and follow the academic common views and judicial practices.