我国中小学生数字技能测评框架构建与证实

Developing and Validating the Digital Skills Scale for Chinese Primary School and Middle School Students

数字技能对于中小学生的学习和未来发展至关重要,也是数字鸿沟的重要预测指标。然而,目前中西方关于中小学生数字技能量表开发的实证研究还较少,缺乏可靠、有效的量表来测量学龄儿童的数字技能水平。该文通过对数字技能相关理论和文献的梳理,在本土情境中探索性地提出了中小学生数字技能的测评要素,结合深度访谈反馈(N=30),编制了相应问卷。针对全上海市16个行政区划的80所中小学展开整群随机抽样(N=3217),通过探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、群组交叉效度检验等研究步骤,最终构建并证实了中小学生数字技能的测评框架,包含:操作技能(包括基本操作、信息管理、信息导航)、移动技能(包括软件操作、设备应用)、社交技能(包括社交分享、社交互动)、创造技能(包括内容创建、内容整合)和安全技能(包括隐私保护、风险防护)。该测评模型可为今后数字技能领域的学术研究、教学实践和政策制定提供支持。

Digital skills are crucial to primary and middle school students’study and personal development.The level of digital skills is an important indicator in predicting the digital divide.However,there are few empirical studies on the digital skills scale for primary and secondary school students in China and western countries.Theoretically informed,reliable and valid instruments for measuring school children’s digital skills are insufficient.The initial digital skills framework and associated instrument were developed in the Chinese contexts,based on literature review and in-depth interviews(N=30).A sample of students from 40 primary schools and 40 middle schools in 16 districts was collected in Shanghai,by cluster random sampling(N=3217).The final scale was refined by exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,and measurement invariance tests.The result is a theoretically and empirically consistent instrument consisting of five types of digital skills:Operational Skill(basic operation,information management,information navigation),Mobile Skill(software operation,device application),Social Skill(social sharing,social interaction),Creative Skill(content creation,content integration),and Safety Skill(privacy protection,risk prevention).It can provide support in future research,practice and policy evaluation.