莱州湾大型底栖动物群落结构及其动态变化特征

Characteristics of community structure and the dynamic changes of macrobenthos in the Laizhou Bay

本文以莱州湾2009年夏季(8月)、秋季(10月)及2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)4个季节大型底栖动物资料为基础,对莱州湾大型底栖动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种进行了研究,同时与历史资料进行对比,探讨了莱州湾大型底栖动物的群落结构特征及动态变化。4个航次中共鉴定出大型底栖动物272种,其中包括环节动物多毛类122种,软体动物46种,甲壳动物64种,棘皮动物18种,鱼类9种,其他类13种。调查海域平均丰度为(1 102.56±216.32) ind./m2,多毛类在丰度上占绝对优势;平均生物量为(28.16±8.45) g/m2,软体动物占据优势。丰度和生物量空间分布规律具有很强的相似性,低值区位于莱州湾西部黄河口邻近海域,高值区位于渤海中部海域。丰度和生物量季节变化明显,夏季最高,秋季其次,春季最低。多毛类不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)、紫壳阿文蛤(Alvenius ojianus)等是莱州湾调查海域的优势种。通过与历史资料的对比发现,莱州湾大型底栖动物种类组成及优势种类出现小型化的趋势。

Based on the macrobenthos materials samples collected in August 2009,October 2009,May 2010 and August 2010 in the Laizhou Bay,the present study analyzed species composition,abundance,biomass,community structure and compared with historical data of macrobenthos.The results suggested that 272 species of macrobenthos were identified in the research region,including 122 species of Polychaetea,64 of Crustacea,46 of Mullusca,18 of Echinodermata,9 of Pisces and 13 of other groups.The total average abundance was(1102.56±216.32)ind./m2,average biomass was(28.16±8.45)g/m2,Polychaetes were the most dominant groups in the abundance and Mollusks were dominant in the biomass.Regarding the spatial influence on macrobenthos,low values of abundance and biomass usually appeared in stations outside of the Huanghe River Estuary in the west of the bay,but high values occurred in the central of Bohai Sea.Regarding the temporal influence on macrobenthos,significant seasonal variations in the abundance and biomass were observed.The dominant species were distinct,the relative important species were Sternaspis sculata,Glycinde gurjanovae and Alvenius ojianus.Compared with the historical data,the species composition and dominant species had showed an obvious miniaturization trend.