村域之间精准扶贫满意度差异的实证研究

An Empirical Study of the Intervillage Difference in the Degrees of Satisfaction with Targeted Poverty Alleviation

利用中国社会科学院国情调研数据,对云南滇西贫困山区两个少数民族村庄实施精准扶贫满意度的差异进行测量和分析。研究发现:单一民族的、贫困程度深的村庄农户对于精准扶贫的满意度比较高的假设并不成立,而集体经济发达的村庄里农户对精准扶贫的满意度比较高。由于农民大量外出务工,农村社区缺失集体经济和社会活动,旧有的以农村家族和血缘为纽带的初级社会关系正在解体,农户在失去了传统的联系纽带之后呈现出原子化状态,而原子化的个人对自己以及社区生活,乃至国家的扶贫举措呈现出低认同度。因此,重建农户在农村社区中的联系纽带,建立乡村次级社会关系,才能提升政府扶贫政策满意度,筑牢乡村振兴的社会基础。

Using the data from the national conditions survey of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,this article measures and analyzes the difference in the degrees of satisfaction with targeted poverty alleviation between two ethnic minority villages in the impoverished mountainous area of western Yunnan.The study finds that:the hypothesis that rural households in single-ethnic villages with deep poverty are more satisfied with targeted poverty alleviation is not valid,while rural households in villages with developed collective economy are more satisfied with targeted poverty alleviation.Then an interpretative framework is constructed:as a result of a large number of farmers who go out as migrant workers,rural communities lack collective economic and social activities,the old primary social relations tied with rural families and blood relationship are disintegrating,farmers have become atomized after losing their traditional connections and ties,and thus the atomized individuals show a low degree of the identification with their own and their community life,and even with the national poverty alleviation measures.Therefore,it is the social foundation to improve the degree of satisfaction with a government’s poverty alleviation policy and the rural revitalization to reconstruct the farmers’connections and ties in the rural community and establish the secondary rural social relations.