从理论与实践的脱离到主体与结构的张力——佩里·安德森西方马克思主义观新探

From the Separation of Theory and Practice to the Tension between Subject and Structure:A New Exploration of Perry Anderson’s View of Western Marxism

国内外学界对于安德森西方马克思主义观的探讨,主要集中于其著作《西方马克思主义探讨》,核心观点为理论与实践的脱离。安德森在《当代西方马克思主义》一书中,通过探究这一问题的原因,认为主体与结构之间的张力是西方马克思主义的根本问题。可以说,两部文本构成了安德森西方马克思主义观的完整演化图景。在安德森看来,一部西方马克思主义思想史,就是一部理论与实践相脱离的历史,主体与结构关系问题的解决过程构成了其演进的更深层动力,最终却以人本主义与"人已死亡"的对立宣告逻辑终结。把握安德森这一思想发展的脉络,必须在文化霸权范式于特定历史语境中的演进过程中进行。

The main source of the discussion on Perry Anderson’s Western Marxism is his Considerations on Western Marxism,and the core point as the result of the discussion is the separation of theory and practice.By exploring the causes of this issue,in his In The Tracks of Historical Materialism,Anderson proposed that the tension between subject and structure is the fundamental issue of Western Marxism.It can be said that these two books constitute a picture of the complete evolution of Anderson’s view of Western Marxism.In his opinion,an intellectual history of Western Marxism is a history in which theory and practice are separated.The process of solving the problem of the relationship between subject and structure constitutes the deeper motivation of its evolution,but it ends logically with the opposition between humanism and“man having already died”.To grasp the reasons for the development of Anderson’s thought has to be carried out in the evolution of his paradigm of cultural hegemony in a specific historical context.