基于间断均衡理论对突发公共卫生事件治理政策的审视

Examination on Management Policies for Public Health Emergency Based on Punctuated Equilibrium Theory

基于间断均衡理论,系统梳理改革开放以来中国突发公共卫生事件处置政策,分析其变迁特征与原因,进而提出政策建议。突发公共卫生事件处置政策变迁是四次间断与四次均衡的交替演变过程,显现出从决策者主导型间断到参与式间断,从单一部门决策场域到多部门协同决策场域的间断均衡演变的特征。未来,中国需持续制定突发公共卫生事件处置政策,健全法律法规,确实实现有效防控与治理,加强统筹协调,向预见性治理转变,实施全面危机教育,真正消除旧政策惯性的负面影响。

Based on the punctuated equilibrium theory,this paper systematically combs the Chinese public health emergency policies since the reform and opening up,analyzes the characteristics and reasons of the policy changes,and further puts forward policy recommendations.The policy change of public health emergencies is a process of four punctuates and four equilibriums,which shows the characteristics of the intermittent and equilibrium evolution from the decision-maker's dominated intermittent to equilibriums of the participatory,from the single department's decision field to the multi-departments'collaborative decision field.In the future,China needs to continue to formulate policies for handling public health emergencies,improve laws and regulations,and truly achieve effective prevention,control and governance,and strengthen overall coordination,change to predictive governance,and carry out comprehensive crisis education,and really eliminate the negative impact of the inertia in old policy.