灵芝三萜类化合物对砷中毒大鼠海马组织形态学及脑组织中AChE和ChAT含量的影响

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes on Hippocampal Histomorphology and Ach,ChAT Content in Arsenism Rats

目的:观察灵芝三萜类化合物(GLT)对砷中毒大鼠海马组织形态学及脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、乙酰胆碱转移酶(ChAT)含量的影响。方法:将60只大鼠随机均分为正常对照组(生理盐水10 mL/kg)、模型组(亚砷酸钠10 mL/kg)及GLT低、中、高剂量组[GLT(0.25、0.50及1.00)g/kg+亚砷酸钠10 mg/kg)],连续给药90 d后,收集大鼠脑组织和海马组织,采用光化学法检测各组大鼠脑组织AChE、ChAT活性,采用HE染色观察各组大鼠海马组织形态、透射电镜观察各组大鼠海马组织细胞形态。结果:与正常对照组相比,模型组中AChE活力明显升高,ChAT活力明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,GLT低、中、高剂量组,AChE活力明显降低,ChAT活力明显升高(P<0.05);HE染色结果显示,模型组海马组织中细胞数量明显减少,排列重度絮乱,充血出血严重,GLT低、中、高剂量组海马组织细胞数量及细胞形态排列整齐;透射电镜结果显示,正常对照组海马组织细胞完整、核膜连续、细胞器丰富,模型组海马组织细胞肿胀、核膜不连续、细胞质内细胞器明显减少、线粒体肿胀、内质网破坏严重,GLT低、中、高剂量大鼠海马组细胞水肿明显减轻、细胞质内细胞器明显增多、内质网破坏及线粒体肿胀明显改善。结论:GLT对砷中毒大鼠海马组织病理学变化具有一定保护作用,可以明显降低脑组织中AChE表达,增加ChAT的表达,保护胆碱能系统。

Objective:To observe the effects of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes(GLT)on hippocampal histomorphology and AChE,ChAT content in arsenism rats.Methods:60 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 12 in each group.They were divided into normal control group(NS 10 mL/kg),model group(sodium arsenite 10 mg/kg),GLT low,medium,and high dose groups(GLT 0.25,0.50,1.00 g/kg+arsenite 10 mg/kg).After 90 days of exposure to arsenic,the activities of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and acetylcholine transferase(ChAT)in the brain tissue of rats were detected by photochemical method;and the morphology of hippocampus was observed by HE staining while the tissue cells morphology of hippocampal of rats was observed by transmission electron microscope.Results:Compared with the normal control group,the activity of AChE was significantly increased and that of ChAT was obviously decreased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the activity of AChE was significantly decreased and that ChAT was obviously increased in the low,medium and high dose groups of GLT(P<0.05).The results of HE staining showed that hippocampal tissue cell count in the model group was obviously reduced,the arrangement was seriously disorderly,and the hyperemia and bleeding were severe.The cell count and morphology of hippocampal tissue cells in the low,medium,and high dose groups of GLT were arranged neatly;the results of transmission electron microscope showed that the hippocampal tissue cells in the normal control group were intact;the nuclear membrane was continuous and the organelle was abundant.However,in the model group,the hippocampal tissue cells were swollen,the nuclear membrane was not continuous;the organelle in the cytoplasm was significantly reduced,the mitochondrion was swollen and the endoplasmic reticulum was seriously damaged.The hippocampal tissue cells of low,medium,and high dose groups of GLT were found with alleviated swollen,increased organelle in cytoplasm,improved endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrion swollen.Conclusion:GLT has a certain protective effect on the pathological changes of hippocampus in arsenism rats,at the same time,it can significantly lower the expression of AChE in brain tissue,increase the expression of ChAT and protect the cholinergic system.