海德格尔《面向存在问题》之解读与评析

A Critical Reading of Heidegger’s Facing on the Question of Being

荣格尔的《关于线》一书将尼采的虚无主义比喻为一条"零度线",主张跨越这条线,使尼采的强力意志建基于"劳动者"及其全球化的"总体动员"之上去寻求克服虚无主义的办法。海德格尔则指出这种构想的不彻底,如果还停留于形而上学的语言和面向存在者的思路,即使跨过了零度线也仍然是虚无主义的;只有改换思路,放弃寻求某个一劳永逸的存在者根据,在无和虚无主义中对虚无主义的本质作进一步的超越,在争辩和游戏中走上追问存在本身的冒险之旅,才能真正克服虚无主义和形而上学。海氏此文思想艰深,层次繁复,牵涉面甚广。本文紧跟海氏的思路,不仅展现了作者的思想意图,而且指出了他的诸多具体的理论漏洞,对他的整体构想也保持了一种批判和质疑的态度。

In his Concerning the Line(über die Linie),Ernst Jünger uses the metaphor of"zero-line"to describe Nitzsche’s nihilism and proposes to cross this line so as to overcome nihilism by grounding Nietzsche’s will to power on the"labor"and its globalized"total mobilization".Heidegger however points out that this project is not thorough enough to serve its purpose,because it’s still nihilistic even if the zero-line is crossed,as long as we somehow stick to the traditional language of metaphysics and the mindset toward the question of beings.In order to overcome nihilism and metaphysics genuinely Heidegger augues that philosophers should change the path of thinking,namely,should abandon the pursuit of a permenant ground in beings and transcend the essence of nihilism in nothingness and nihilism.It leads to an adventure of questioning Being itself in"critical encounter"(Aus-einander-setzung)and"play"(Spiegel),which is depicted in Heidegger’s On the Question of Being(Zur Seinsfrage),a profound article full of insights and inspiratons.This paper provides a detailed and faithful reading of Heidegger’s article and identifies many of his problematic ideas from a critical perspective toward Heidegger’s overall philosophical project.