“天才大纲”的科学社会主义思想萌芽——恩格斯《国民经济学批判大纲》研究

The Germination of Scientific Socialism Thought in the“Genius Outline”——An Analysis of Engels’s Outline of a Critique of Political Economy

被马克思称为“天才大纲”的恩格斯的《国民经济学批判大纲》蕴含着丰富的科学社会主义思想原则。在批判国民经济学的基础上,恩格斯揭示了商业竞争破坏道德,终致垄断的必然结果;阐明了由私有制造成的资本与劳动的分离是资本主义生产方式存续的前提,私有制使人成为商品,并把人隔离在粗陋的孤立状态中,必须消灭私有制才能把人从中解放出来;发现了繁荣与危机是资本主义生产的必然规律,初步把握了商业危机与社会革命的逻辑关联,提出了科技是生产力的思想。这些正是科学社会主义思想的萌芽。

Engels’s Outline of a Critique of Political Economy,which was called the“genius outline”by Marx,was full of ideological principles of scientific socialism.Based on the critique of national economics,Engels revealed the inevitable result of commercial competition undermining morals and ultimately monopolizing,clarified that the separation of capital and labor created by the private ownership was the prerequisite of the survival of the capitalist mode of production,private ownership made people commodities and isolated them in a crude and isolated state,only the elimination of private ownership could people be freed from it.Engels discovered that prosperity and crisis were the inevitable laws of capitalist production,grasped initially the logical connection between business crisis and social revolution,and deemed that technology was productivity.These were the seeds of scientific socialism.