核桃优株果实的品质评价及其遗传多样性分析

Quality Evaluation and Genetic Analyses of Excellent Lines of Walnuts

本研究通过对湖北省兴山县核桃的主要营养成分以及遗传多样性的分析,评价其果实品质与遗传关系,筛选出优株。试验结果表明,XS05(兴山5号)单果重高达15.75 g;XS56(兴山56号)可溶性蛋白含量最高达到88.19 mg/g;XS31(兴山31号)粗脂肪含量最高,达到86.17%。3个优株(XS05,XS56,XS31)果实在单果重、可溶性蛋白和粗脂肪含量方面具有显著优势。对比核桃果实品质的国家标准(GB/T 20398-2006),这3个优株的各项指标均达到特级标准。从遗传关系来看,XS05与XS31具有亲密的遗传关系,它们之间的杂交有可能培育出单果大而脂肪含量高的品种;XS56与引进品种XSN7和XSN11具有亲密的遗传关系,XS56与之杂交有可能培育单果大而可溶性蛋白高的品种。根据这些分析结果得出结论:XS05、XS56、XS313个单株可以进一步进行杂交育种并可以在湖北省兴山县进行推广种植。

Based on the analysis of the main nutritional components and genetic diversity of walnut in Xingshan County,Hubei Province,the fruit quality and genetic relationship were evaluated,and superior plants were selected.The experimental results showed that the single fruit weight of XS05 is up to 15.75 g;The soluble protein content of XS56 is up to 88.19 mg/g;the crude fat content of XS31 is up to 86.17%.The fruits of the three excellent plant(XS05,XS56,XS31)have significant advantages in terms of single fruit weight,soluble protein and crude fat content.Compared with the national standard of walnut fruit quality(GB/T 20398-2006),all indexes of these three superior plants have reached the super standard.From the perspective of genetic relationships,XS05 and XS31 have a close genetic relationship.Crosses between them might breed varieties with large single fruit and high fat content;XS56 has a close genetic relationship with the introduced varieties XSN7 and XSN11,XS56 crossing with it might breed better varieties.Based on these analysis results,it is concluded that the three individual plants XS05,XS56,and XS31 can be further cross-bred and can be promoted and planted in Xingshan County,Hubei Province.