2型糖尿病脑微观结构及结构网络改变的研究进展

Research progress on the effect of type 2 diabetes on the brain microstructure and structural network

2型糖尿病(type2 diabetes,T2DM)是一种可引起多系统并发症的慢性代谢性疾病。除了熟知的肾、眼、足、心血管并发症之外,T2DM还可导致中枢神经系统的功能障碍,其临床表现以多领域的认知功能下降为主。其发病隐匿,早期诊断与及时干预是治疗的关键。扩散张量成像(Diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)可非侵入性的检测活体组织微观结构的改变。近些年该技术在T2DM神经影像学方面的运用已取得了丰厚的成果,发现了T2DM患者诸多脑区微观结构的改变,同时局部脑区微观结构的改变同认知能力、相关临床指标存在显著相关性。此外,DTI结合图论的分析方法可对脑白质连通性的改变提供定量的特征描述,为进一步理解T2DM患者认知能力减低的病理机制提供了新的视角。本文从以上两方面对T2DM患者的扩散张量成像研究进展进行综述。

Type 2 diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disease with multiple system complications.In addition to the well-known renal,eye,foot,and cardiovascular complications,T2DM can cause central nervous system dysfunction,characterized by a multidisciplinary decline in cognitive function.Due to its insidious onset,the key of treatment is to early diagnosis and timely intervention.Diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)can non-invasively detect the changes of the microstructure of living tissue.In recent years,the application of this technique in neuroimaging of T2MD has made a lot of achievements,finding out the changes of the microstructure of many brain regions in patients with T2DM,and the changes of the microstructure of local brain regions have significant correlation with cognitive ability and clinical parameters.In addition,DTI combined with graph theory can provide a quantitative characterization of the changes in white matter connectivity,which provides a new insight into the pathogenesis of cognitive decline in patients with T2DM.Therefore,this article will review the progress of neuroimaging in patients with type 2 diabetes from the above two aspects.