呼吸慢性病管理专职护士培养与实践

The training of professional nurses for chronic respiratory disease management

为了开展对呼吸慢性病患者的全程管理及随访工作,该研究设置了呼吸慢性病管理专职护士岗位,选拔了12名呼吸科护士,对其进行培训,包括理论培训和临床实践2个环节。理论培训3个月,培训内容涵盖哮喘与COPD的定义与评估、治疗方法、用药指导、活动指导、安全管理、生活方式、家庭无创通气、气道廓清治疗,以及课件制作、授课技巧、研究设计书的撰写、问卷设计与信效度等。临床实践6个月,护士需按要求完成呼吸慢性病管理案例50例/月。培训考核合格后,医院为其颁发呼吸慢性病管理专职护士证书。培训后,12名护士在呼吸护理门诊、病房为患者建档,提供自我管理、用药、心理、安全、家庭氧疗等方面的指导及随访管理工作,不仅提高了患者疾病自我管理水平,同时促进呼吸专科护理的发展。

The 12 professional nurses were specifically trained to manage and follow up the patients with chronic respiratory disease.Two parts of theoretical training and clinical practice were included in the training which lasted for 3 months.The contents included definition and assessment of asthma and COPD,treatment,medication,physical activity,safety issues,lifestyle,family non-invasive ventilation,and airway clearance therapy.In addition,contents related to health education skills such as powerpoint preparation,teaching skills,preparation of research proposal,instrument development and its psychometric properties evaluation were also covered.The professional nurses were required to be placed in the clinical practice for 6 months and complete management of 50 cases per month.After they were qualified after the training,the hospital presented certificates to them.These nurses joined in the respiratory clinics and wards to provide education of self-management,medication,psychological support,safety,and family oxygen treatment.This approach has achieved certain effects which improved patients'disease self-management level and promoted the development of respiratory specialized nursing.