我国老年人口群体特征的变动趋势研究

A Study on the Trends of the Characteristics of the Elderly Population in China

新中国成立70年来,我国老年人口数量持续快速增长,对社会经济的可持续发展产生重要影响。虽然我们对中国老年人口的数量及发展趋势有深入的了解,但对老年人口的具体特征变动及发展趋势的研究较为缺乏。通过对历次人口普查和全国1%人口抽样调查数据的分析,总结出我国老年人口群体特征变动的七大趋势:老年人口数量增速从稳变快、高龄化和老年女性占比增加趋势明显、有偶率增加与空巢化并存、寿命增加但健康情况不容乐观、在业率有所下降且城乡差异明显、生活来源更加多元化等。基于上述发现,指出未来我国人口老龄化面临的新挑战,并提出老龄政策应纳入生命周期的视角,积极开发利用老年人力资源,关注老年性别平等。

Since the founding of new China 70 years ago,China's elderly population has continued to grow rapidly.This has an important impact on the sustainable development of social economy.Although we have a deep understanding of the number and trend of the aged population,there is a lack of research on the changes of specific characteristics of the group.Based on the analysis of the data from previous censuses and the sample survey of 1%of the population,seven trends of the characteristics of the elderly population in China are summarized:the growth rate of the elderly population has changed from stable to fast;the trend of high percent of the oldest-old and feminization is obvious;high percent of having spouses and empty nesting families coexist;life expectancy increases but health status is not optimistic;declining of employment rate with obvious urban-rural differences;sources of living incomes are more diverse.On the above findings,this paper points out new challenges facing China's aging population in the future.In addition,it suggests that the future policy should be incorporated into the perspective of life cycle,actively develop and utilize the human resources of the elderly,and pay attention to the suggestions and countermeasures of gender equality of the elderly.