量子安全直接通信原理与研究进展

Quantum secure direct communication:principles and progress

量子安全直接通信是一种在量子信道中直接传输秘密信息的通信模式。量子安全直接通信改变了保密通信的体系结构,将现有保密通信的密钥分发和密文传输双信道结构改变为仅有一条量子直通信道的单信道结构,减少了泄露环节,提高了安全性。量子安全直接通信是对通信理论的发展,将基于Shannon(香农)信息论的噪声信道下可靠通信发展为基于Wyner(怀纳)搭线信道理论的噪声和窃听信道下安全和可靠通信。通过介绍量子安全直接通信的原理及特点、基于单光子和纠缠光子对的两种典型量子安全直接通信协议,综述了近年来量子安全直接通信的重要进展,展望了其发展前景。

Quantum secure direct communication is a communication model that directly transmits secret information in the quantum channel.It has changed the structure of secure communication from a two-channel structure with key distribution and ciphertext transmission to a single-channel with one quantum secure direct communication.This reduces the security loopholes and improves the security.It also develops the theory of communication,from reliable communication in the noisy channel,which is guaranteed by Shannon’s theory,to secure and reliable communication in the noisy and eavesdropping channel,guaranteed by Wyner’s wiretap theory.This paper introduces the principles and characteristics of quantum secure direct communication,reviews the specific steps of two typical protocols of quantum secure direct communication,surveys the important experimental progress in recent years,and gives the future prospect of QSDC.