磷/氮协效阻燃棉织物制备工艺及性能研究

Preparation and Properties of Phosphorus/NitrogenSynergistic Flame Retardant Cotton Fabrics

利用化学方法制得一种磷/氮协效阻燃剂N,N-二亚甲基对苯磺酸基膦酸铵盐(ADBSPA),并且采用轧-烘-焙整理工艺将其对纯棉织物进行阻燃整理,以提高棉织物的阻燃性和热稳定性。ADBSPA的化学结构通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)进行表征。研究了ADBSPA的用量、处理时间、焙烘温度以及催化剂的用量对阻燃棉织物的垂直燃烧性能、极限氧指数值(LOI)和热稳定性的影响。实验表明,当ADBSPA用量为200 g/L、处理时间为60 min、催化剂的用量为5%(wt)以及焙烘温度为130℃时,阻燃棉织物的阻燃性能最佳。其LOI值高达29.8%,阻燃棉织物的续燃时间和阴燃时间均消失,残炭长度缩短至6.4 cm。同时通过热重(TG)测试证明,阻燃棉织物的热稳定性也较纯棉织物大大提高,在800℃保留的残炭率可达36.5%。因此,ADBSPA能够显著提高棉织物的阻燃性和热稳定性。

The phosphorus/nitrogen synergistic flame retardant ammonium salt of N,N-dimethylene p-benzenesulfonic phosphonic acid(ADBSPA)was prepared by chemical method,and it was applied to pure cotton fabrics by rolling and baking finishing process to improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability of cotton fabrics.The chemical structure of ADBSPA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The effects of ADBSPA addition amount,processing time,baking temperature and catalyst addition amount on the vertical combustion performance,limit oxygen index(LOI)and thermal stability of flame-retardant cotton fabrics were studied.Experiments showed that when the amount of ADBSPA was 200 g/L,the treatment time was 60 min,the amount of catalyst was 5%(wt),and the baking temperature was 130℃,the flame retardancy of flame-retardant cotton fabrics was optimal.The LOI value of treated cotton fabrics was as high as 29.8%,the flame-retardant cotton fabrics had no after-flame time and after-glow time,and the char length was shortened to 6.4 cm.At the same time,it was proved by thermogravimetric(TG)test that the thermal stability of flame-retardant cotton fabrics was also greatly improved compared with pure cotton fabrics,and the carbon residue rate could reach 36.5%at 800℃.Therefore,the ADBSPA could significantly improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability of cotton fabrics.