梁启超筹藏观试析——以《西藏戡乱问题》为中心的解读

Analysis of Liang Qichao's View of Tibet——Interpretation of"The Suppression of Rebellions in Tibet"

宣统二年(1910)二月一日,梁启超在报纸上发表了《西藏戡乱问题》一文,对清廷筹治西藏政策等发表自己观点。同年二月二十日,他又发表《驭藏政策之昨夕》,继续关注西藏局势。文章以《西藏戡乱问题》为中心,兼及其他相关史料,梳理和分析梁启超的筹藏观,探究其筹藏观背后的思想意蕴。梁启超的筹藏观体现在以下几个方面:他认为清廷筹藏政策有两次“大失机”;他虽对褫夺十三世达赖喇嘛名号不赞成,但主张清廷对已做出的决定不能收回;他反对用兵西藏;他对西藏地方面临英俄干涉有客观而深刻的分析;等等。梁启超筹藏观背后的思想意蕴,体现了“国家主义”本位。

On February 1,the second year of Xuantong(1910),Liang Qichao published an article entitled"The Suppression of Rebellions in Tibet"in a newspaper,in which he expressed his own viewon the policies of the Qing’s government in governing Tibet.On February 20 of the same year,he published"The Previous Policies of Governing Tibet"and continued to pay attention to the situation in Tibet.Focusing on"The Suppression of Re⁃bellions in Tibet",this article,together with other relevant historical materials,analyzes Liang Qichao's view of Tibet,and explores the ideological implications of his view.Liang Qichao's view was reflected in the following aspects:He believed that there were“two serious flaws”in the Qing government’s policiesin governing Tibet;al⁃though he did not agree with depriving the title ofthe 13th Dalai Lama,he held that the Qing government should not recall the decision it had made;he opposed to resort to arms in Tibet;he did an objective and in-depth analy⁃sis of the British and Russian interference in Tibet;The ideological implication of Liang Qichao's view of Tibet reflects"nationalism".