民生发展与幸福西藏——基于大样本微观调查数据的实证分析

On the Development of People's Livelihood and Happy Tibet--An empirical analysis based on micro-survey data of large sample

建设美丽幸福西藏是党中央对西藏发展提出的战略愿景。为深入研究西藏民生发展对居民福祉的影响,文章基于幸福经济学和公共服务感知相关理论,使用大样本微观调查数据分析西藏居民生活满意度的人口经济社会特征,进而分析不同类公共服务对居民生活满意度的影响效果。实证结果表明,西藏义务教育、交通状况、医疗卫生、社区服务等七类公共服务对居民生活满意度有显著正向影响,其中就业状况影响最大,其次是社会保障和住房。这些民生事业发展具有与收入增长相当的等价效应。建议在推动民生发展同时,识别居民对不同领域公共服务需求,分类考虑、精准施策,进一步提高居民总体生活满意度。

Building a beautiful and happy Tibet is the strategic vision of the CPC Central Committee for the devel⁃opment of Tibet.In order to further study the impact of the development of people’s livelihood on residents’wellbeingin Tibet,an analysis,based on the relevant theories of happiness economics and public service perception,has been done on micro-survey data of large sample to figure out the demographic,economic and social charac⁃teristics of the life satisfaction of the Tibetan residents,and the impact of different types of public services on res⁃idents’life satisfaction.The results show that seven types of public services in Tibet,including compulsory edu⁃cation,transportation,medical and health care,community services and so on,have a significant positive impact on residents’life satisfaction,especially employment status has the most impact,followed by social security and housing.The development of these people’s livelihood undertakings has an equivalent effect as income growth does.Therefore,it is suggested that,while promoting the development of people’s livelihood,it is also necessary to understand the residents’demands for public services in different fields,and take classified and targeted mea⁃sures to further improve residents’overall life satisfaction.