西藏庄园社会的整体性底色与现代乡村治理——以西藏自治区日喀则市X村为例

The Overall Background of Tibetan Manor Society and Modern Rural Governance--A Case Study of X Village in Shigatse,Tibet Autonomous Region

民主改革使得西藏从封建农奴制社会跨入了社会主义社会,实现了社会文明跨跃,但原有文明中形成的传统底色,仍然影响着当下西藏社会的发展。整体性底色是西藏社会传统底色的典型代表,它是在西藏独特地域环境、特殊经济基础等因素影响下形成的。它推动了庄园社会的长期有序运行,其具体表现为:庄园整体、家庭整体、地缘整体和文化整体等。它通过多种路径影响当下乡村治理,一是“集体统筹,共同劳作”的村庄经营路径;二是“集体安排,轮流出车”式村庄管理路径;三是“近邻—联合”的村民联结路径;四是“会议—议事”的公共参与路径;五是“白事—集体‘静默’”式文化约束路径。无论过去,还是现在,整体性底色都深深地影响着基层社会治理。挖掘整体性底色,是对庄园社会治理的总结,可为当下乡村治理提供有益借鉴,进而推动西藏乡村治理能力的提高和乡村社会的全面振兴。

The democratic reform has enabled Tibet to step into a socialist society from a feudal lord society and realize a leap in social civilization.However,the traditional background formed in the original civilization still af⁃fects the development of Tibetan society at present.The overall background is a typical representative of the tra⁃ditional background in the Tibetan society.It is formed under the influence of Tibet’s unique geographic envi⁃ronment,special economic foundation and other factors.It has promoted the long-term and orderly operation of the manor society,which is embodied in the manor as a whole,the family as a whole,the geography as a whole and the culture as a whole.It affects the current rural governance through a variety of paths.In the past or now,the overall background has deeply affected the grass-roots social governance.Exploringthe overall background is a summary of manor social governance,which can provide useful reference for the current rural governance and further promote the improvement of Tibet’s rural governance capability and the overall revitalization of rural so⁃ciety.