一统体制的内在矛盾与条块关系

The Inherent Contradictions of Authoritarian Regime and the Tiao-kuai Relationship in China

在中央与地方关系研究上,最近十年发展起来的一种理论视角是从一统体制的内在矛盾出发,探讨此种矛盾引发的应对机制及其形成的国家治理模式和治理逻辑。但是,此种理论视角忽略了条块关系的作用,未能把条块关系纳入理论分析范围。本文试图拓展这种理论视角,把“一统体制的内在矛盾”扩展为“多元化的国家能力建构所包含的冲突”,为解释包括条块关系在内的中央与地方关系提供一般化的理论分析框架。本文认为,条块关系之形成,是中央政府为了建构多元化的国家能力、控制国家能力建构上的冲突所导致的结果。进一步,国家能力建构上的冲突的演变又导致了条块关系的演变。

On the study of the central-local government relationship in China,a theoretical perspective has been proposed based on the inherent contradictions of authoritarian regime to explore the coping mechanism as well as the model and the logic of state governance caused by such contradictions.However,this perspective ignores the“tiao-kuai”system,an important part of the central-local government relationship,and fails to include it in its theoretical analysis.Thus,the question of whether these inherent contradictions can explain the formation and evolution of the tiao-kuai system remains unanswered.In order to establish a broader theoretical framework that includes an analysis of the tiao-kuai relationship,this paper examines the conflicts in the process of building up multiple-dimension state governance capacities.The theoretical starting point of this investigation is that regime stability and strong ruling power are the primary goal of the central government.Hence,it becomes a necessity for the central state to develop multi-dimension capacities in political control,resource extraction,economic development and public affairs management.Accordingly,subordinate government agencies(central ministries and local governments)are required to implement the tasks.However,developing these multiple capacities involve in conflicts,manifested in strengthening one capacity may weaken the others.This paper argues that the tiao-kuai system was introduced by the central government as a strategy to control such conflicts.It enables the central government to develop multiple capacities while reducing the conflicts that exist in the process.The empirical evidences presented here show that this argument is supported by the evolution of the tiao-kuai relationship in modern China and therefore,to some extent,reveals the mechanism of its formation and evolution.