滨海湿地互花米草入侵的生态水文学机制研究进展

Research progress on the ecohydrological mechanisms of Spartina alterniflora invasion in coastal wetlands

滨海湿地具有重要的生态服务功能和经济价值,互花米草入侵已经对滨海湿地生态系统产生巨大影响。为深入理解滨海湿地生态系统植被演替过程与水盐梯度等环境因子的耦合关系,完善滨海湿地生态水文学的研究内容和方法,为滨海湿地互花米草生态防治以及滨海湿地生态系统的保护和管理提供科学参考,本文针对水文因子和土壤盐分对互花米草的影响及其生理生态响应、水盐梯度下互花米草的空间格局与生物量反演,以及互花米草的生态格局模拟和预测等方面的国内外相关研究进展进行了梳理和展望。主要结论包括:①水盐梯度决定着互花米草的生理生态特征、物种分布和演替格局;②随着遥感技术的不断发展和地理信息系统技术的不断完善,关于群落尺度上互花米草的空间动态研究也越来越趋向于精确化;③群落尺度上的互花米草格局动态及其生态水文驱动机制的量化将成为今后的研究热点;④在对互花米草空间格局进行预测和模拟时,需综合考虑滨海湿地水动力学过程、植物生理学过程、地形生态演化等过程。

Coastal wetlands have important ecological services and economic value.Invasion by Spartina alterniflora has had several ad⁃verse effects on these ecosystems.Therefore,it is critical to understand the inherent ecohydrological mechanisms of invasion.This paper re⁃viewed the research on S.alterniflora on the following aspects:①the influences of hydrological gradients and soil salinity on its physiologi⁃cal and ecological features,②its spatial pattern and biomass distribution under hydrological and salinity gradients,and③the modelling of its successional pattern in coastal wetlands.The main conclusions were that the hydrological and salinity gradients determined the physi⁃ological and ecological features,the distribution,and successional pattern of S.alterniflora.Further,with the developments in remote sens⁃ing technology and GIS methods,research on the spatial dynamics of S.alterniflora at the community scale would tend to be more precise.Additionally,quantitative studies on the spatial pattern of S.alterniflora and the corresponding ecological mechanisms at the community scale would be a key research area.The hydrodynamic processes,biological patterns and geomorphological evolution processes and so on should be considered in the modeling and forecast of the spatial pattern of S.alterniflora.