1984—2015年黄河三角洲人工湿地的演变及主要驱动因子

Evolution of artificial wetlands in the Yellow River Delta and related driving factors during 1984—2015

为研究黄河三角洲人工湿地在多驱动因素影响下长时间序列的时空演变和景观格局变化,以1984—2015年7期遥感影像为数据源,采用目视解译方法获取人工湿地的相关数据信息,在GIS、RS、ENVI等技术手段下,对人工湿地的变化率、空间质心、景观指数进行定量分析并定性分析其主要驱动因子。结果表明:31年来,黄河三角洲人工湿地总面积增加85762.13 hm^2,其中坑塘水面、人工沟渠、养殖塘、水田、盐田、水库分别增加14620.29、1128.18、22648.13、30648.51、11220.69、5246.61 hm^2,年均变化率分别为55.52%、24.93%、10.25%、22.84%、174.32%、13.09%;质心分析结果显示,坑塘水面、养殖塘整体上呈“先东南后西北”的偏移趋势,水库有先向东南偏移后整体上呈向南部偏移的趋势,盐田有向东部近海偏移的趋势,水田由沿黄河故道到黄河现道大致呈“之”字偏移的趋势,人工沟渠大致呈“Z”形偏移的趋势;在黄河水情、风暴潮、经济、人口、政策以及自然湿地等多因素影响下,研究区人工湿地斑块个数逐年增加,景观破碎程度加大,景观形状由不规则化趋于规则化,且多样性和均匀度先增加后降低。研究表明,31年来黄河三角洲人工湿地在多因素驱动下具有明显的时空变化,研究结果可为黄河三角洲湿地资源的开发、利用、管理和保护及土地资源的合理利用提供理论指导。

Based on 7 remote sensing images from 1984 to 2015,we obtained information of change rates,centroids,and landscape charac⁃teristics of artificial wetlands of the Yellow River Delta(YRD)by visual interpretation of remote sensing images in order to explore spatial and temporal change of artificial wetlands in the YRD during the past 31 years.Then,we studied the change process by quantitative analy⁃sis and the driving factors of the artificial wetlands by qualitative analysis.The area of the artificial wetlands in the YRD increased to 85762.13 hm^2 during the last 31 years.Areas of soak,artificial channel,culture pond,paddy field,salt field,and reservoir increased to 14620.29,1128.18,22648.13,30648.51,11220.69 hm^2,and 5246.61 hm^2 with annual change rates of 55.52%,24.93%,10.25%,22.84%,174.32%,and 13.09%,respectively.From the centroid analysis results we found that areas of soak,and culture pond had a trend of“Southeast then Northwest”and salt fields had a trend of moving to the eastern offshore.Besides,the reservoir had a trend of moving to southeast first,then shifting to the south as a whole and artificial channels were arranged in a“Z-shape”along the Yellow River.Under the various factors,the patches of artificial wetlands increased while the area-weighted mean shape index,patch size standard deviation,Shan⁃non′s diversity index,and Shannon′s evenness index increased first and then decreased.Our results indicated that artificial wetlands in the YRD during the past 31 years have changed considerably,as indicated by various factors,and the results could provide theoretical di⁃rections for the development,use,management,and protection of wetland resources.