配方肥配施锌肥和硫肥对小麦的提质增效作用

Combined application of formula,zinc,and sulfur fertilizers to improve the yield and grain quality of wheat

为探明配方肥配施锌肥和硫肥对小麦产量和品质的影响,在安徽省小麦主产区宿州的西二铺村和湖町村分别设置了农民习惯施肥(CK)处理、配方肥处理、配方肥分别配施锌肥和硫肥处理以及同时配施锌肥和硫肥处理的田间试验。结果表明,与农民习惯施肥相比,配方肥显著增加了小麦产量,配方肥配施锌肥和硫肥进一步增加了小麦产量,进而提高小麦经济效益;同样,配方肥配施锌肥和硫肥提高了小麦氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力,平均增幅达到35.0%、107.0%、99.1%。配方肥配施锌肥和硫肥增加了籽粒锌和硫的积累量,对籽粒锌含量有一定促进作用,对籽粒硫含量影响不明显。不同处理小麦籽粒蛋白质含量及其组分、淀粉含量及其组分差异均不显著,但增施锌肥和硫肥提高了小麦籽粒的谷醇比,降低了直支比,有利于小麦品质的提高。因此,在土壤锌和硫含量较低的地区,配方肥配施锌肥和硫肥能促进小麦籽粒产量和品质的提高。

To investigate the effects of combined application formula,zinc,and sulfur fertilizers on yield and grain quality of wheat,two field experiments were performed in the Xi′erpu and Huting villages,the main growing areas of winter wheat in the Anhui Province.The ex⁃periments included usual farmer′s practices,application of different formula fertilizers,and application of combined formula,zinc,and sul⁃fur fertilizers.The results showed that compared with the farmer′s usual practices,the use of formula fertilizers significantly increased wheat yield,and the combined application of zinc and sulfur fertilizers provided the highest yield.Therefore,the economic benefit of wheat was the highest under the treatment with combined formula,zinc,and sulfur fertilizers.Similarly,compared with the farmer′s usual practic⁃es,applying this combination of formula,zinc,and sulfur fertilizer increased the partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in wheat on average by 35.0%,107.0%,and 99.1%,respectively.Meanwhile,the content of zinc and the accumulation of zinc and sulfur in the wheat grain increased upon use of zinc,sulfur,and formula fertilizers.However,they had no obvious effect on sulfur content,protein and its components content,and starch and its components content in the grains.However,the glutenin to gliadin ratio had a general in⁃creasing trend,and amylase to amylopectin ratio had a general decreasing trend under the treatment of combined zinc,sulfur,and formula fertilizers compared with farmer′s usual practices.The results suggested that the wheat quality increased with the application of zinc and sulfur fertilizers.Therefore,in areas with low soil zinc and sulfur content,the combined application of formula,zinc,and sulfur fertilizers could improve the wheat grain yield and quality.