新疆加工番茄应用PBAT全生物降解地膜可行性

Degradation of biodegradable mulch film and its effect on the yield of processing tomatoes in the Xinjiang region

为探讨聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)材料的全生物降解地膜降解性能及在新疆加工番茄上的应用效果,设置3种PBAT生物降解地膜、普通聚乙烯塑料(PE)地膜和露地种植(不覆膜)共5个处理,在新疆昌吉市加工番茄主要种植区开展生物降解膜应用试验,系统分析了生物降解地膜的降解性能及其对加工番茄土壤温湿度、产量、品质性状的影响。结果表明:山东天野生物降解地膜在覆膜50 d左右开始降解,山东清田和蓝山屯河生物降解地膜在覆膜65 d左右开始降解,在加工番茄收获期降解面积达到60%,收获后的10月上旬埋土部分基本降解。蓝山屯河、山东天野和山东清田3种生物降解地膜在机械覆膜过程中未出现断裂和粘连,能够满足新疆加工番茄生产过程中机械覆膜要求。与传统PE地膜相比,PBAT地膜开始破裂之前日平均土壤温度比PE膜处理低0.81℃,但两者比露地处理分别高1.13℃和1.94℃,说明PBAT地膜在开裂之前土壤保温性能较好,与PE地膜保温效果相当。山东清田生物降解地膜透湿率为210 g·m-2·24 h-1,高于蓝山屯河和山东天野生物降解地膜的透湿率,远低于全生物降解地膜国家标准。与PE地膜处理相比,山东清田生物降解地膜处理增产6.0%,蓝山屯河生物降解地膜处理增产2.4%,二者加工番茄产量差异不显著(P>0.05),山东天野生物降解地膜处理加工番茄减产13.3%。蓝山屯河和山东清田2种生物降解地膜覆盖番茄产量、产值和纯利润与PE地膜持平,无明显差异。研究表明,全生物降解地膜在新疆加工番茄生产中是经济可行的。

In order to investigate the biodegradable film degradation properties of polyadipate/terephthalate(PBAT)materials and their ap⁃plications for processing tomatoes in Xinjiang,different PBAT biodegradable mulch films,common polyethylene plastic(PE)mulch films,and bare land were compared.The experiment using biodegradable film was carried out in the main planting areas of processed tomato in Changji City,Xinjiang.Degradation performance of biodegradable mulch film and its effects on the temperature,humidity,and yields of to⁃mato were systematically analyzed.The results showed that the biodegradable mulch film of Shandong Tianye began to degrade around 50 d,and that of Shandong Qingtian and Lanshan Tunhe began to degrade around 65 d.The degradation area of processed tomatoes could reach 60%during harvest,and the buried part in the soil was basically degraded in the first ten days after harvest.The three biodegradable mulch films of Lanshan Tunhe,Shandong Tianye,and Shandong Qingtian did not have fracture and adhesion problems during mechanical filming,which could therefore meet the requirements of mechanical film mulching in Xinjiang.Compared with traditional PE film,the average daily soil temperature of PBAT films was 0.81℃lower than that of the PE film before the biodegradable film began to rupture,but 1.13℃and 1.94℃higher than bare land,respectively,indicating that the biodegradable film has good soil insulation performance before cracking;its effect is equivalent to the effect of PE film.The permeability of the Shandong Qingtian biodegradable mulch film was 210 g·m-2·24 h-1,which was higher than that of the Lanshan Tunhe and Shandong Tianye biodegradable mulch films,the values of which were much lower than the national standard of biodegradable mulch films.Shandong Qingtian biodegradable mulch film increased yield by 6.0%compared with PE film.The biodegradable mulch film of Lanshan Tunhe increased yield by 2.4%.The difference in yield of tomatoes be⁃tween the two films was not significant(P>0.05),and the yield of tomatoes for Shandong Tianye biodegradable mulch film decreased by 13.3%.The yield,output value,and net profit of the two tomatoes of biodegradable mulch film of Lanshan Tunhe and Shandong Qingtian were the same as those of the PE mulch film.There was no significant difference,indicating that the biodegradable mulch film is economi⁃cally viable in the production of processing tomatoes in Xinjiang.