玉米种质资源大规模多年多点多病害的自然发病抗性鉴定

A large-scale screening of maize germplasm for resistance to multiple diseases in multi-plot demonstration for several years under natural condition

病害是影响玉米生产的重要因素。利用品种的抗性是控制玉米病害的经济、安全和有效措施。2016-2019年间,在黄淮海和东华北地区,首次对2000份来源广泛且遗传背景丰富的玉米种质资源进行了多年多点多病害的田间自然发生条件下抗病性鉴定,部分材料在西北地区也进行了田间鉴定,重点调查了小斑病、茎腐病、瘤黑粉病、弯孢叶斑病、南方锈病、粗缩病、大斑病、灰斑病和丝黑穗病的抗病性。综合4年共10个不同环境的自然发病下抗性鉴定数据表明,自然发病鉴定的结果受环境因素影响较大,表现为年度间和地域间的差异。在所有鉴定的病害中,小斑病在多个年份和多个鉴定点的发病均比较充分,11份种质对该病害表现出稳定抗性;茎腐病、大斑病和灰斑病,在不同年份的部分鉴定点发病较为充分,对这3种病害表现抗病的种质分别为440、356和423份,综合抗性鉴定结果具有较大的参考价值;弯孢叶斑病、瘤黑粉病和粗缩病仅在1个鉴定点发病较为充分,南方锈病和丝黑穗病在所有鉴定点均发生较轻,鉴定结果有待进一步验证。本研究筛选出一批在不同环境条件下对多种病害均具有稳定抗性的材料,其中JN15、953、沈977、68122、K21、SC24-1、17MC7211、17MC7223、郑591、161191等种质的综合抗性突出,对种质的利用及后续人工接种精准鉴定的种质选择具重要参考价值。

Disease is a major factor affecting maize production.The utilization of resistant cultivars is the most economical,safe,and effective method for controlling maize diseases.This research was finally conducted using 2000 maize germplasm accessions with extensive sources and rich genetic background to identify and evaluate the resistance to multiple diseases in multi-plot demonstration for several years under natural condition during 2016–2019.Nine diseases,including southern corn leaf blight,stalk rot,common smut,Curvularia leaf spot,southern rust,maize rough dwarf,northern corn leaf blight,gray leaf spot and head smut were investigated and evaluated in non-inoculated fields.The experimental data at 10 different sites from 2016 to 2019 showed that resistance identification under natural conditions was sensitive to environmental factors,with distinct differences among years and regions.The incidence of southern corn leaf blight was severe at multiple sites over these years and 11 maize accessions with stable resistance were screened out.Stalk rot,northern corn leaf blight,and gray leaf spot were relatively serious at several sites in four years,and 440,356,and 423 resistant germplasm were screened out from 2000 accessions,respectively.These integrated data had considerable reference values.Curvularia leaf spot,common smut,and maize rough dwarf occurred heavily at only one plot while southern rust and head smut were not serious at all experimental sites,which should be studied further more.All in all,some maize germplasm resources with stable resistance to diverse diseases under different environments were screened out,such as JN15,953,Shen 977,68122,K21,SC24-1,17 MC7211,17 MC7223,Zheng 591,161191,and so on.These results provide a significant reference for utilization and selection of germplasm for further precise inoculated identification.