国家油气管网公司成立后的天然气价格机制改革建议

Suggestions on the reform of natural gas pricing mechanism after establishing National Petroleum and Gas Pipeline Network Group

国家油气管网公司的成立,标志着国家油气体制改革取得实质性突破,推动改革迈入了新阶段。在改革过渡期,积极稳妥地推进天然气行业从"一体化"向"放开两头、管住中间"的体制过渡至关重要,需协同推进天然气价格机制改革。鉴于此,综合分析了天然气产业链各环节价格机制发展历程、现状及存在的问题,提出了适应改革过渡期需要的价格机制改革建议。研究结果表明:①新版《中央定价目录》的实施意味着门站价格取消已为期不远,过渡期建议沿用现行门站价格管理模式,并增加按气源方销售模式,之后视改革进程适时放开气源和销售价格;②现行管输价格面临定价范围和价格体系设计等问题,建议将管输成本按功能区分为"基本运输成本""节点调配成本",成本总和为油气管网公司的准许成本;③现行储气服务价格面临储气调峰成本回收困难问题,过渡期建议按照服务成本法即"成本加准许收益"定价;④我国推行天然气能量计量计价已基本具备技术、基础设施和制度等方面的基础条件,建议加快制定天然气能量计价实施方案。

Establishing National Petrleum and Gas Pipeline Network Group,Co.,Ltd marks the substantial breakthrough in the reform of national oil and gas system,which pushes this reform into a new stage.In its transitional period,it is quite important to actively and steadily promote the transition of natural-gas industry from"integration"to"releasing both ends and controlling the middle part",and it is necessary to deepen another reform of gas price mechanism coordinately.So,this study comprehensively analyzed the development history,status,and existing problems of price mechanism in all links of industrial chain,and made some suggestions on the mechanism reform to meet the needs in this transitional period.Results show that(1)to implement the new version of the Central Pricing Catalog means that the cancellation of gate price will not be far off.It is suggested to continue using the current management mode of gate price and initiate the sales mode based on gas source in this period,and then liberalize gas source and sales prices appropriately according to reform progress;(2)the current pipeline transportation price is faced with some problems of pricing range and price system design.It is suggested to subdivide the transportation cost into"basic transportation cost"and"node allocation cost"by functional demand,and the cost sum is the permitted one by the corporation;(3)the current gas-storage price is also faced with many problems including difficult recovery of gas storage and peak-shaving cost.It is suggested to apply the service cost method to the pricing in the transitional period,namely"cost+permitted profit";and(4)domestic energy based on natural-gas metering and pricing has fundamental conditions of technology,infrastructure,and system.It is recommended to speed up formulating a plan to implement the gas energy metering.