上海科技创新政策演变与启示——基于1978—2018年779份政策文本的分析

The Evolution and Enlightenment of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Policy——Based on 779 Policy Texts from 1978 to 2018

为了进一步优化上海科技创新政策体系,促进整个科技创新目标实现,本文收集了1978-2018年上海科技创新政策文本779份,从科技创新主体、创新政策工具和创新活动领域三个维度对上海科技创新政策演变与阶段特征进行分析。研究发现:在创新主体维度,企业一直为政策重点支持对象,平台性和联合性创新主体地位日益突出,但科技中介扶持政策偏弱;在政策工具维度,以环境型和供给型工具为主,需求型政策工具应用偏向保守;在科技活动领域维度,高新技术产业和战略性新兴产业是政策的重点支持领域,第三产业和文化创新产业的政策支持力度逐渐增大,但政策实践中对高新技术产业的支持偏重于具体产业,而对战略性新兴产业的支持则较为笼统。本文结合时代背景与量化研究结果,总结上海科技创新政策阶段性演变特征,并指明未来研究方向。

In order to further optimize Shanghai s science&technology innovation(STI)policy system,the study collects 779 copies of Shanghai s STI policies from 1978 to 2018 and analyzes the evolution characteristics of the policies from three dimensions,which is STI subject,STI policy tool and STI activity field.The result shows that in the dimension of STI subject,enterprises are always the key targets for policy support,and the status of platform and joint innovation is increasingly prominent,but policies to support technology intermediaries are weak.In the policy tool dimension,environmental and supply-oriented tools are the mainstay,and demand-based policy tools are more conservative.In the field of STI activities,high-tech industries and strategic emerging industries are the key support areas,and the policy support for the tertiary industry and cultural innovation industries is gradually increasing.However,the support for high-tech industries focuses on specific industries,while the support for strategic emerging industries is more general.Finally,combining the historical background and the quantitative research results,this paper summarizes the characteristics of the phased evolution of Shanghai s STI policy,and indicates the future research direction.