莎剧《尤力乌斯·凯撒》葬礼演说的修辞分析及其汉译评价

A Rhetorical Analysis of the Funeral Speeches in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar and its Four Chinese Translations

莎士比亚的罗马剧《尤力乌斯·凯撒》生动再现了修辞在古罗马共和国末期政坛的血雨腥风和权力争夺中所起的强大作用。通过赋予角色不同的修辞细节,莎士比亚塑造出鲜明的人物形象,营造了丰富的戏剧冲突,揭示了深刻的悲剧主题。能否捕捉和再现这些修辞细节成为翻译该剧的重大挑战之一。文章以《尤力乌斯·凯撒》中布鲁图斯和安东尼先后发表的葬礼演说为例,依据亚里士多德的修辞三手段——人格说服、理据说服、情感说服——分析两场演说词中巧妙的修辞运用,并试图评价朱生豪、梁实秋、汪义群、傅浩四个汉译本在再现修辞细节方面的相关得失。

Shakespeare's Roman play Julius Caesar is a vivid depiction of how rhetoric influences the political arena in the late Roman Republic.By giving different rhetorical details to the characters,Shakespeare presented distinct roles,created rich dramatic conflicts and revealed profound tragic themes.Therefore,identifying and reproducing the rhetorical details in the play becomes a crucial task in its translation.Taking the funeral speeches of Brutus and Anthony in Julius Caesar as an example,this paper analyzes Shakespeare's ingenious use of rhetoric in the two speeches based on Aristotle's three means of persuasion:ethos,pathos and logos,and attempts to evaluate the reproduction of rhetoric details in the four Chinese translations by Zhu Shenghao,Liang Shiqiu,Wang Yiqun and Fu Hao.