谱系教学方式在皮肤病学教学中的应用

Application of the method of disease spectrum-based in dermatology teaching

目的 探讨谱系教学方式在皮肤病学教学中的应用效果.方法 2017年9月至2017年12月,选择复旦大学上海医学院2013级和2014级五年制临床医学专业100名本科生,2016级硕士研究生124名和博士研究生50名为研究对象,采用皮肤病学谱系教学方式进行教学.教学后采用自制调查问卷,了解本科生和研究生(以下统称学生)在皮肤病学课堂学习和临床实践中存在的问题,比较传统教学方式和谱系教学方式下皮肤病学的教学效果,收集学生对于实施谱系教学方式的建议.结果 62.0%(170/274)的学生认为皮肤病学的病种繁多而授课时所讲解的病种少,进入临床面对多变的皮疹时诊断困难.69.3%(190/274)的学生不了解皮肤病谱系现象.与传统教学方式相比,学生认为通过谱系教学方式对皮肤病学知识点的记忆效率较高[(4.89±1.84)比(6.75±1.75),P<0.01]、对知识点的理解力较好[(5.19±1.99)比(6.96±1.76),P<0.01]、对临床诊疗的帮助较大[(5.21±1.99)比(6.89±1.88),P<0.01].同时,76.3%(209/274)的学生认为谱系教学方式有助于记忆知识点,从而在有限的时间内可以掌握更多病种.结论 采用谱系教学方式能够提高皮肤病学的教学效果.

Objective To explore the effect of using disease spectrum in dermatology education.Methods The disease spectrum-based teaching and the traditional teaching method were utilized to 100 undergraduate students enrolled in 2013 and 2014 and 124 postgraduate students and 50 doctoral students enrolled in 2016 majoring in clinical medicine at Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University from September to December 2017.A self-made related questionnaire was designed and distributed to these students.Then we analyzed the problems existing in the traditional method and compared the difference in the teaching effect between the disease spectrum-based teaching and the traditional one.Moreover,the suggestions for applying the teaching method of disease spectrum were also proposed by students.Results Approximately 62.0%(170/274)of the students believe that there are too many kinds of dermatoses while only a few of them were taught in the traditional method.Therefore,it is a great challenge for students or junior doctors to diagnose some dermatosis when facing a large variety of skin eruptions in clinical practice.Nearly 69.3%(190/274)of students were not familiar with the disease spectrum dermatology.Compared with the traditional teaching method,it is significantly more effective to memorize the dermatology knowledge by the disease spectrum-based method[(4.89±1.84)vs(6.75±1.75),P<0.01],and more helpful to comprehend the knowledge[(5.19±1.99)vs(6.96±1.76),P<0.01]and to carry out clinical practice[(5.21±1.99)vs(6.89±1.88),P<0.01].As high as 76.3%(209/274)of students believe that the method of disease spectrum has advantages in helping students to learn knowledge macroscopically and master more diseases.Conclusions The teaching efficiency of dermatology education can be improved via the disease spectrum-based method.