村集体经营规模农地的可能及其政策观照--基于南通市海安GF合作农场的考察

Feasibility and Policy Consideration of Large-scale Farmland Operation by Village Collective—Based on the Study of GF Cooperative Farm in Haian of Nantong City

一家一户的农地碎片化经营因城镇化和现代农业发展而陷入劳动力不足、生产效益不高甚至土地撂荒等困境,亟须新型农业经营主体流转农地,实行适度规模经营。然而,家庭农场、专业大户、专业合作社和农头企业等新型农业经营主体主要采用个体或私营方式从事农业生产,村集体经济未能由此获得发展,并且,这四类经营主体存在一定局限性,不能完全满足农户流转农地要求。鉴于此,一些地方的村集体在农民自愿流转土地承包经营权基础上创办合作农场,采用村集体统一经营方式发展农业生产。从海安市GF合作农场实践看,合作农场具有较强的包容性,兼顾了村民个人和集体的利益,增强了村集体经济实力,而且合作农场在"大集体-小承包"体制下拥有更加灵活的经营权,因此,国家和政府在扶持新型农业经营主体发展中有必要向合作农场倾斜,使其成为未来农地规模经营的中坚主体。

Household-based and fragmentized farmland operation is in the difficulty of insufficient labor,low efficiency and even the abandoned farmland because of the urbanization and modern agriculture development.Therefore,it is urgent to encourage new agriculture business subjects to circulate the farmland,and operate the farmland in the appropriate scale.However,the new agricultural business owners such as family farmers,large-scale planting farmers,professional cooperatives and leading enterprises have to operate in an individual and private way,as a result the village collective economy doesn’t develop accordingly.Moreover,there are some limitations in terms of the four types of operators,which cannot meet the requirements of farmland circulation.In view of this,some village collectives start their cooperative farmlands with the farmers’agreement to circulate the farmlands,in which the village collectives operate the farmlands in the unified way.Based on the practice of GF cooperative farmlands in Haian,it has strong inclusiveness,which caters for the interests of farmers and the collective,improves the economic power of village collective,and enjoys more flexible management in the system of“big collective small contracting”.Therefore,it is necessary to give more support to the new agricultural business operators to make them the pillars of future large-scale farmland operation.