我国《民法典》个人信息保护制度的创新与发展

Innovation and Development of Personal Information Protection System in China s Civil Code

我国《民法典》将人格权独立成编,并基于社会现实的需要而在人格权编系统地确立了个人信息保护制度,该制度最主要的创新与发展集中在五个方面:第一,明确了自然人的个人信息权益的性质,将之界定为人格权益;第二,区分私密信息与其他个人信息,明确私密信息的保护中隐私权保护规则与个人信息保护规则的适用关系;第三,统一使用“处理”涵盖个人信息的相关行为,实现对个人信息收集、处理、加工、使用、提供和公开等行为的全面规范;第四,明确了个人信息权益的具体内容,有利于充分实现对自然人人格尊严和人格自由的保护;第五,明确侵害个人信息的免责事由,有助于很好地实现权益保护与自由维护的协调。

Personality Rights is an independent part in China s Civil Code and based on the needs of social reality,the Civil Code establishes a personal information protection system in this part.The system s main innovations and development are:first,it clarifies the nature of a natural person s personal information rights and defines them as personality rights;second,it distinguishes private information from other personal information and clarifies the relationship between privacy protection rules and personal information protection rules in the protection of private information;third,it uses“process”to cover the relevant behavior of personal information and to achieve a comprehensive regulation of personal information collection,processing,use,disclosure and so on;fourth,it specifies the content of personal information rights which is beneficial to protecting a natural person s dignity and freedom of personality;fifth,it clarifies the exemption reasons for infringement of personal information and this will help to achieve a good coordination of rights protection and freedom maintenance.