公共治理视野下的软法工具

On Soft Law Tools from the Perspective of Public Governance

软法工具是从公共治理视野下的软法理论中生发的概念,是指不以法律强制执行的方式直接发挥作用、但具有实际效果的治理工具。软法工具的实施主体多元,软法工具的贯彻尊重人的尊严、促进人的发展的善治理念,兼具理性与非强制性。行政行为、规制工具和政策工具的理论体系中,均发展出了与其核心意旨相关的子概念。在适用软法工具的过程中,须确定具有正当性的合理目标、建立适当的信息获取与分类机制、选择恰当的行为影响工具。制裁性工具不仅须审慎作用于人身与财产权利,亦须格外审慎作用于人的声誉与资格。激励性工具、倡导性工具应当精心规划、理性设计、合理运用,引导符合市场价值、社会价值的行为。

The concept of soft law tool originates from the theory of soft law in the context of public governance.It refers to the governance tool that is not enforced by the state but has practical effect.Soft law implements the concept of good governance that respects human dignity and protects human development.It is both rational and non-mandatory.There are also several related concepts in the theoretical system of administrative behavior,regulatory tools and policy tools.In the process of applying soft law tools,it is necessary to determine reasonable and legitimate goals,establish appropriate information acquisition and classification mechanism,and select appropriate behavior impact tools.The sanction tools should not only act prudently on personal and property rights,but also on reputation and qualification.Incentive tools and advocacy tools should be carefully planned,rationally designed and reasonably used to guide behaviors according with market value and social value.The integration of tools should not only pursue deterrence,but also be tolerant and restrained under the soft law governance concept of“less coercion,more consultation and higher freedom”.