野生动物产业规制的双重失灵及其矫正——非法野生动物产业链的法律分析

Double Failure of Wildlife Industry Regulation and Its Correction:Legal Analysis of the Industry Chain of Illegal Wildlife Trade

所有社会问题都能从人的行为中找到原因,并可以通过法律的规范化和体制创新进行化解。SARS事件后,国家通过连续修法和立法重构的野生动物保护、动物防疫、传染病防治和食品安全等法律制度和监督管理体制,如不发生整体性失灵,足以起到预防公共卫生危机和维护公众健康生命安全的目的。但非法野生动物产业链的客观存在表明,规制猎捕、运输、交易、加工和食用野生动物等行为的法律以及监管体制已同时出现失灵。法律应当从改限为禁、全面禁止和重点规制三个方面进行完善,预防双重失灵的关键是规制监管者。

All social problems can be found in human behavior and be resolved through the standardization of laws and institutional innovation.After the SARS,the state has continued to amend laws and legislation to reconstruct the legal system and regulatory system for wildlife protection,animal epidemic prevention,infectious disease control,and food safety.It is sufficient to prevent public health crises and maintain public health and life safety,if overall failure does not occur.However,the objective existence of the illegal wildlife industry chain shows that laws and regulatory systems that regulate hunting,transportation,trading,processing,and eating have failed at the same time.The law needs to be improved from three aspects:changing from restriction to prohibition,comprehensive prohibition,and key regulations,and the key to preventing double failure is to regulate regulators.