饮水限制对泌乳奶牛生理和血液参数的影响

Effects of drinking water restriction on physiological and blood parameters of dairy cows

本文旨在探讨饮水限制对奶牛生理和血液参数的影响。试验选择6头处于泌乳中期的奶牛进行为期16 d的试验,其中T1组奶牛在试验的1~4 d自由饮水,然后将T1组的6头奶牛分为2组(T2和T3组),2组奶牛分别在5~12 d进行限制饮水,T2组每天饮水量为T1组的25%,T3组饮水量为T1组的50%,之后在13~16 d恢复T1组相同的饮水量。结果:T2组燕麦草摄入量较T1和T4组分别显著降低15.67%和6.72%(P<0.05),T2和T3组苜蓿草摄入量较T1组分别显著提高14.46%和10.96%(P<0.05),而浓缩料分别显著提高3.68%和3.68%(P<0.05),T3组干物质摄入量最低,分别较T1、T2和T4组降低16%、13.97%和23.11%(P<0.05)。T3组奶牛早上的呼吸频率最高,分别较其他组显著提高了10.99%、22.16%和9.47%(P<0.05),而T4组奶牛在晚上的呼吸频率最低,分别较其他组显著下降10.58%、13.78%和17.90%(P<0.05)。T3组奶牛早上直肠温度较其他组分别显著提高0.57%、1.32%和0.60%(P<0.05),而晚上直肠温度分别显著提高0.67%、1.54%和0.41%(P<0.05)。T3组奶牛血清葡萄糖、尿素和皮质醇浓度最高(P<0.05),T2和T3组奶牛血清甘油三酯、胆固醇、总蛋白和肌酸酐浓度均显著高于T1和T4组(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,奶牛有能力应对不同水平的饮水限制,可以使水需求与消耗达到新平衡。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of water restriction on physiological and blood parameters in dairy cows.Choose 6 in lactation medium^term cow for a 16 d test,including T1 group of cows(water ad libitum),1~4 d after T1 group six cows can be divided into two groups(group T2 and T3),two groups of cows to restrict water in 5~12 d,respectively,25%of water in T2 for T1 group,50%of the water in T1 for T3 group,in 13 to 16 d recovery to the same water quantity in T1.Results:oat grass intake than T1 and T2 group,T4 group was reduced by 15.67%and 6.72%respectively(P<0.05),T2 and T3 clover intake is T1 group increased by 14.46%and 10.96%respectively(P<0.05),and enrichment of material increased by 3.68%and 3.68%respectively(P<0.05),T3 group minimum dry matter intake performance,a T1,T2 and T4 group was reduced by 16%,13.97%and 23.11%(P<0.05),the respiratory frequency of the T3 group was the highest in the morning,increasing by 10.99%,22.16%and 9.47%respectively compared with the other groups(P<0.05),while the respiratory frequency of the T4 group was the lowest at night,decreasing by 10.58%,13.78%and 17.90%respectively compared with the other groups(P<0.05).Compared with other groups,the rectal temperature of T3 group increased by 0.57%,1.32%and 0.60%in the morning(P<0.05),and by 0.67%,1.54%and 0.41%in the evening(P<0.05).The serum glucose,urea and cortisol concentrations in the T3 group were the highest(P<0.05),and the serum triglyceride,cholesterol,total protein and creatinine concentrations in the T2 and T3 groups were significantly higher than those in the T1 and T4 groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:under the experimental conditions,cows were able to cope with different levels of drinking water restriction,thus achieving a new balance between water demand and consumption.