冷冻胚胎的法律属性及其处置规则

Legal Attribute and Disposition of Frozen Embryo

随着人工辅助生殖技术的应用发展,冷冻胚胎在法学、生物学、伦理学等领域出现得愈加频繁。计划生育政策的逐渐放开更是促使很多大龄夫妻选择辅助生殖技术,有关冷冻胚胎的法律纠纷也随之增多。但我国现行法并未明确冷冻胚胎的法律属性,更无与之相关的详细处置规则,学界对于上述问题亦多有争论,模糊的法律地位使得法院在审理有关冷冻胚胎的纠纷时,容易出现同案不同判的现象。文章在现有的理论基础上明确冷冻胚胎的法律属性,厘清不同情形下的权利归属,并建议结合法律原则以及我国传统的伦理观念进一步确定其归属及处置方式,以期对司法实务解决冷冻胚胎的相关纠纷有所裨益。

With the development and application of assisted reproductive technology,frozen embryos become more common in law,biology and ethics.Relaxation of the family planning policy prompt more older family choose assisted reproductive technology and cause more legal disputes.Nevertheless,there is no clear legal attributes in our positive law,even no rules about disposition.In addition,frozen embryos has ever been a widely discussed and highly controversial issue in jurisprudential circle for recent decades.It will easy to cause the phenomenon of different judgments in the similar case.On the basis of existing theories,this paper clarifies the legal attributes of frozen embryos,clarifies the ownership of rights in different situations,and suggests that the ownership and disposal methods should be considered in combination with legal principles and traditional ethical concepts of our country,so as to be beneficial to judicial practice in resolving disputes related to frozen embryos.