在唯名论与唯实论之间--本雅明、阿多诺与艺术真理概念

Between Nominalism and Realism:Benjamin,Adorno and the Concept of Artistic Truth

自柏拉图至黑格尔的西方美学传统中存在唯实论倾向,认为艺术和审美低于并附属于真理。现代以来,唯名论兴起,艺术摆脱了对真理的附属而实现了自律,但同时也面临着被资本主义消费社会同化为商品的危险。本雅明以其"星丛"式的理念论改造了柏拉图的唯实论,实现了唯实论和唯名论的辩证综合。阿多诺则在本雅明的基础上,提出一种新的艺术观,既坚持唯名论的原则,始终从艺术作品的具体客体出发;又借鉴唯实论的思路,赋予艺术作品超出具体客体之外的精神。由此使艺术作品在资本主义社会中具有真理内容,开辟了审美救赎的新途径。

There is an inclination of realism in the traditional Western aesthetic from Plato to Hegel,which believes that art and aesthetic below and is attached to the truth.Since the rise of nominalism in modern times,art has shed its status as a vassal of truth and achieved self-discipline,but it also faces the danger of being assimilated into a consumer society of capitalism as commercial goods.With his theory of"star cluster"concept,Benjamin transformed Plato’s theory of realistic idealism,realized the dialectical synthesis of realism and nominalism.Adorno,on the basis of Benjamin,put forward a new artistic value.He insists on the principle of nominalism,always starting from the specific object of works of art;at the same time,he also draws lessons from the idea of the reality theory,endows art with the spirit beyond the specific object,thus makes art obtain the content of truth in the capitalist society,and has opened up a new way of aesthetic salvation.