款冬花药材掺杂部位对其质量的影响

Effect of adulteration on quality of Farfarae Flos

目的针对款冬花药材掺杂现象,对款冬花药材中花蕾及其杂质(花梗、根茎、主根)的化学组成进行比较,为款冬花的质量控制提供依据。方法参照《中国药典》2015年版,采用HPLC测定款冬花蕾及其杂质中款冬酮的含量,同时建立款冬花指纹图谱,采用相似度评价和共有峰峰面积对花蕾及杂质进行比较,对药材中各成分含量与花蕾占比进行Pearson相关性分析,同时对花蕾和杂质进行主成分分析和聚类分析,并分析各类成分之间的相关性。结果款冬花蕾中款冬酮含量以及指纹图谱中13个共有峰的峰面积均明显高于其他掺杂部位,且与花蕾占比存在正相关。主成分分析和聚类分析结果显示,款冬花蕾与花梗、根茎、主根等掺杂部位可明显区分。指纹图谱各主要成分之间的相关性分析显示,咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分之间、黄酮类成分之间存在较强的正相关,倍半萜类成分中,款冬酮和款冬素酯存在较强的正相关,不同类别的成分也具有一定的相关性。结论款冬花药材中主要成分均主要分布于花蕾,当药材中花梗、主根、根茎等杂质较多时会严重影响款冬花药材质量。目前《中国药典》2015年版中款冬花项下尚未设置杂质检查项目,为了保证款冬花药材的质量,应增加其杂质检查。

Objective For the adulteration phenomenon of Farfarae Flos, the chemical composition of the flower buds and the rachis, rhizome, and the roots were compared, to provide the basis for the quality control of Farfarae Flos. Methods The content of tussilagone was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) according to the Chinese Pharmacopeia. The HPLC based fingerprint was also generated, and the similarity and the relative contents of the common peaks between the flower buds and adulteration parts were calculated. The pearson correlation between the relative content of the major compounds and the flower buds ratio, as well as principal component analysis and clustering analysis were also performed. Results The content of tussilagone and the peak areas of 13 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprint were significantly higher than those in the rachis, rhizome, and the roots, and positively correlated with the flower buds ratio. The results of the principal component analysis and clustering analysis showed that the flower buds showed distinct separation with those adulteration parts. In addition, the compounds within the caffeoyl quinic acids and flavonoids showed positive correlations with each other, and the correlations were also observed between different kinds of components. Conclusion The major compounds of Farfarae Flos were mainly present in the flower buds, and the quality of Farfarae Flos will be greatly affected when there are more impurities such as pedicel, taproot and rhizome in the crude drugs. Currently, there is no impurity in the Chinese pharmacopeia for Farfarae Flos, and the limit of the impurities should be added to guarantee the quality of Farfarae Flos.