不同品种生鲜驴乳脂肪酸组成差异分析

Analysis on the Difference of Fatty Acid Composition of Fresh Donkey Milk of Different Breeds

采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对新疆四个不同品种和德州黑驴不同泌乳周期生鲜乳中脂肪酸种类及含量进行比较。结果表明:不同品种和不同泌乳期生鲜驴乳中脂肪酸种类基本相同,但脂肪酸含量差异显著。不同品种和不同泌乳期生鲜驴乳中共检测出20种脂肪酸,主要是由棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸组成。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量在不同品种存在显著差异(P<0.05),疆岳驴生鲜乳中SFA含量最高为46.52%、果拉驴生鲜乳中MUFA含量最高为34.58%、德州黑驴生鲜乳中PUFA含量最高为25.35%,其中果拉驴生鲜乳的SFA、MUFA、PUFA的比例与人乳最为接近。德州黑驴生鲜乳中SFA、MUFA和PUFA含量在不同泌乳周期存在差异,其中SFA和MUFA差异显著(P<0.05),德州黑驴泌乳前期、中期和后期生鲜乳中SFA含量分别为48.78%、45.82%、45.91%;MUFA含量分别为25.17%、28.09%、28.74%,其中泌乳中期生鲜乳的脂肪酸营养价值最高。不同泌乳期中的中链、长链脂肪酸相对含量随泌乳期的延长呈现下降趋势,因此品种及泌乳周期对生鲜驴乳脂肪酸含量有一定影响。

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to compare the types and contents of fatty acids in fresh milk of four different breeds in Xinjiang and different black lactation cycles in Texas.The results showed that the fatty acids in fresh donkey milk of different breeds and different lactation periods were basically the same,but the fatty acid content was significantly different.A total of 20 fatty acids were detected in fresh donkey milk of different breeds and different lactation periods,mainly composed of palmitic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid.The content of saturated fatty acid(SFA),monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)differed significantly among different breeds(P<0.05).The highest SFA content in raw milk of Xinjiang Yuelu donkey was 46.52%.The highest MUFA content in donkey milk is 34.58%,and the highest PUFA content in Texas black donkey milk is 25.35%.Among them,the ratio of SFA,MUFA and PUFA in Gora donkey milk is the closest to human milk.The content of saturated SFA,MUFA and PUFA in raw milk of Texas black donkeys varies in different lactation cycles,of which the difference between SFA and MUFA is significant(P<0.05),Texas black The SFA content of fresh milk in donkeys was 48.78%,45.82%,and 45.91%in the early,middle,and late stages of lactation;the MUFA content was 25.17%,28.09%,and 28.74%,and the fatty acid nutrition value of fresh milk in the middle of lactation was highest.The relative content of medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids in different lactation periods showed a downward trend with the extension of lactation period,so the variety and lactation cycle have a certain effect on the fatty acid content of fresh donkey milk.