疗养院老年人共病、身体功能及医养需求情况现状调查--以江苏省无锡市某疗养院为例

Investigation on the Status Quo of Comorbidity,Physical Function and Medical and Nursing Needs of the Elderly in Sanatoriums——Taking a Sanatorium in Wuxi,Jiangsu as an example

目的分析疗养院老年人的共病罹患情况、身体功能状况及其医养需求情况。方法将2019年1-12月在江苏省无锡市某疗养院疗养的80位老年人,按年龄分为70~79岁组和80~89岁组,由老年科医生联合多学科团队采用老年综合评估(CGA),评估老年人的共病罹患情况、身体功能状况,并调查医养服务需求。结果 (1)老年人慢性病排名前5位分别为高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、血脂异常和脑血管病;老年综合征排名前5位分别为多重用药、睡眠障碍、听力下降、视力异常和焦虑抑郁。(2)98.08%的70~79岁组老年人至少患1种慢性疾病,共病中位数为3种;100.00%的80~89岁组老年人至少患1种慢性疾病,共病中位数为4种。(3)ADL评分提示,除1.25%的老年人生活需要得到照护外,其余均可达到日常基本生活能够自理水平。(4)70~79岁组老年人功能独立评分平均为(99.12±19.01)分。80~89岁组老年人功能独立评分平均为(90.07±13.95)分。(5)老年人医养需求位于前3位的为疾病诊治、健康管理与健康宣教。结论疗养院老年人健康状况尚可,大多有多病共存但症状较轻;医疗保健服务是养老的主要服务需求。应对老年患者做好综合评估,及时发现问题并予以干预,在医养结合模式下满足老年人的健康需求。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the co-morbidity,physical function and medical needs of elderly people in sanatoriums.METHODS 80 elderly people who were convalescent in H Sanatorium in Wuxi,Jiangsu from January 2019 to December 2019 were divided into 70~79-year-old and 80~89-year-old groups by age.(CGA)Assess co-morbidity and physical function of the elderly and investigate medical oxygen service needs.RESULTS(1)The top 5 chronic diseases of the elderly are hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,dyslipidemia,and cerebrovascular disease;the top 5 of the elderly syndrome were multiple medications,sleep disorders,hearing loss,vision abnormalities,anxiety-depression.(2)98.08%of 70~79 year-old suffered from at least 1 chronic disease,with a median of 3 comorbidities;100%of 80~89 year-old suffered from at least 1 chronic disease,with a comorbid number 4 types.(3)The ADL score suggested that except for 1.25%of the elderly who needed care,the rest could reach the basic self-care level of basic daily life.(4)The average functional independence score of the 70~79 year-old group was(99.12±19.01)points.The average functional independence score of the elderly in the 80~89 age group was(90.07±13.95)points.(5)The top 3 health care needs of the elderly were disease diagnosis and treatment,health management and health education.CONCLUSION The health status of the elderly in the elderly care institutions was acceptable,with multiple diseases coexisting but the symptoms were mild;medical care services were the main service needs of the elderly.Elderly patients should be comprehensively evaluated for the elderly,timely find out and intervene in these elderly problems,and meet the demand for elderly care services in the integrated medical care system.