艺术裂变时代与中国戏剧导演意识的觉醒——以张彭春的戏剧导演为例

Era of Art Fission and Awakening of the Consciousness of Chinese Drama Directors——Take P.C.Chang’s Drama Director as an example

张彭春在中国传统戏曲衰落和西方现代话剧叩门而入的时代背景下,自觉地实践了欧美现代导演理论。他率先明确导演在话剧当中的核心地位,开始探索当时欧美所涌现出的多元导演风格,并卓有成效地进行了欧美写实化的现代舞台美术实践,促进了中国早期戏剧导演职能的完善。他凭借着自身对中外戏剧的了解和丰富的艺术实践,于1930年和1935年先后作为总导演和随团顾问,陪同梅兰芳赴美和访苏,向西方宣扬中国的传统戏曲,促进中西方戏剧的交融。张彭春的导演观、导演实践,是中国戏剧本土化的需要,也是中国话剧现代演进的需要。他创造性地结合中国传统艺术精神形成其独特的导演观念,并确立了从严从难的戏剧导演风格。

Pengchun Chang,consciously practiced the theory of modern European and American director against the background of the decline of traditional Chinese opera by ushering in modern Western drama.He was the first in clarifying the director’s core position in the drama,and began to explore the diversified styles of directors that emerged in Europe and the United States at that time,and effectively carried out realistic European and American stage art practice,which promoted the perfection of the function of early Chinese drama directors.With his mature knowledge of Chinese and foreign dramas and rich artistic practice,he accompanied Mei Lanfang to the United States and to visit the Soviet Union in1930 and around 1935,as chief director and guidance to the group,promoting traditional Chinese opera to the West and promoting the blend of Chinese and Western drama.P.C.Chang’s view of director and director’s practice are the needs of localization of Chinese drama and the modern evolution of Chinese drama.He creatively combined with the spirit of traditional Chinese art to form his unique concept of director,and established a strict and difficult style of drama director.