明清时期“亭目制度”与布依族习惯法——以北盘江南部地区为例

“The Tingmu System”and the Customary Law of Buyi Nationality in Times of Ming and Qing Dynasties——Case Study of the Southern Area of Beipan River

明清时期北盘江南部地区的“亭目制度”是极具特色的民族地方政治制度,其源于广西泗城土司的地域扩张和政治拓展,经历了从形成、发展、存续到消亡的这样一个过程。在土司统治下,布依族社会形成了严格的等级制度,在与布依族传统习惯法相结合后,共同构成“亭目法”来维持土司的统治。“亭目制度”衰落后,“亭目法”在布依族习惯法的发展中起到承上启下的作用,逐渐成为农村公社民族习惯法新的基础。由于社会治理的需要,一乡一寨小范围的社会“村规民约”或“治安公约”逐渐增多,这些规约对布依族社会的稳定和发展起到了重要的推动作用。

In times of Ming and Qing Dynasties,“the Tingmu system”in the southern area of the Beipan River was a unique political system in ethnic areas.The very system originated from the territorial expansion and political extension of Sicheng chieftains in Guangxi and had gone through the process of formation,development,survival,and extinction.Under the chieftain's rule,the society of Buyi Nationality had formed a strict hierarchy system and integrated the customary law into“the Tingmu law”to maintain the chieftain's rule.After“the Tingmu system”declined,“the Tingmu law”had played a transitional role in the development of customary law of Buyi Nationality,and had gradually become the new basis of the ethnic customary law of rural communes.To meet the needs of social governance,the increasing“village regulations and folk conventions”or“public security conventions”at the level of villages and townships had played an important role in the promotion of the social stability and development of Buyi Nationality.