论公平优质受教育权的国家义务

On the State Obligation of the Rights for Fair and Quality Education

公平优质受教育权是受教育权的进阶形态,强调教育从量向质的转化成为新时代受教育权保障的基本取向。在“权利—义务”结构理论之下,国家义务为公平优质受教育权的实现提供了重要的逻辑进路。就本体论而言,权利诉求与宪法性权利共同构成了公平优质受教育权存在的双重依据。就认识论而言,权利、权力与义务的对应关系,经历了从权力优先、义务随附基本逻辑下的“权力—义务”对应模式,到法权制衡基本逻辑下的“权力—权利”对应模式,再到权利实现、义务保障基本逻辑下的“权利—义务”对应模式。就方法论而言,国家义务应当从立法保障、执法保障、司法保障三个层面为公平优质受教育权的实现提供制度保障。

The rights to receive fair and high-quality education is the advanced form of the rights to receive education,emphasizing that the transformation of education from quantity to quality becomes the basic orientation of the rights to receive education in the new era.Under the theory of“rights-obligation”,the national obligation provides an important logical way for the realization of the rights to receive fair and high-quality education.As far as ontology is concerned,the rights claim and the constitutional rights together constitute the dual basis for the existence of the rights for fair and quality education.In terms of epistemology,the corresponding relation of rights,power and obligation has experienced the following stages:power priority,the“power-obligation”corresponding mode under the basic logic obligation being attached to,the“power-rights”corresponding mode under the basis logic of legal restriction,the“rights-obligation”corresponding mode under the basic logic of rights realization and obligation guarantee.In terms of methodology,the state obligation should provide institutional guarantee for the realization of the rights for fair and high-quality education from three aspects:legislative guarantee,law enforcement guarantee and judicial guarantee.