论疾疫对生命意识文论的形塑--以建安二十二年大疫与曹丕文论为考察对象

Plagues Shape the Literary Theory of Life Consciousness--Based on the Research of the Plague in the 22nd Year of Jian An and Cao Pi's Literary Theory

建安时期,疾疫频仍不仅对政治局势、经济兴衰产生了重要影响,而且对文学发展造成了巨大冲击。建安二十二年大疫过后,建安七子离世,文坛发展遭遇重创。疾疫所造成的文人离世与文坛凋敝给曹丕的心灵带来了沉重的压力,他深感人生无常、生命苦短,因而试图通过文学消解生命陨落的苦闷,从而形成了独特的生命意识文论。曹丕的生命意识文论基于人生短暂、时间易逝的生命体验,主张文人“寄身于翰墨”,希冀“文以气为主”而“成一家言”,以“声名传于后”的文学创作成就生命不朽。以史鉴今,尽管文学不能挽回疾疫造成的后果,但文学能以其独特的方式对疾疫展开理性的反思,引导人们反思生命、无畏时厄、走向希望才是文学作为“不朽之盛事”的意义所在。

During the Jian An period,the frequent epidemic diseases not only had an important impact on the political situation and economic prosperity but also had a huge impact on the development of literature.In the 22nd Year of Jian An,a plague broke out,the seven literati of Jian An had died,and the literary world had been greatly inflicted.The death of the literati and the decline of the literary world caused heavy pressure on Cao Pi's soul.He deeply felt that life is impermanent and transient.Then,he tried to resolve the depression and realize the value of life through literature.Therefore,he created a unique literary theory of life consciousness.The very literary theory was based on short and ephemeral life experience.He advocated literati's devotion to literary creation and hoped to establish his own literary style by sticking to the disposition as the core of literary creation and to realize the immortality of life through famous literary works left behind him.Taking history as a reference,we know although literature cannot reverse the consequences of the epidemic,it can help people rationally reflect on the epidemic in a unique way.In fact,guiding people to be rational,fearless,and hopeful is the significance of literature as an immortal event.