计算教育学:是什么、做什么及怎么做

Computational Education:What It Means,What to Do and How to Do

随着计算机科学技术被广泛应用于教育研究,基于海量数据计算的研究范式成为教育研究的重要手段,这也引发了教育研究基本视角和价值观念的转变。计算教育学正是对这种新兴教育研究范式的概括,是以大数据为基础,以复杂计算为核心,以算力为支持,以构建教育理论、解决教育问题、揭示教学规律为目标的研究领域。对相关文献进行聚类分析后发现,计算教育学主要涉及六大热点:在线社会媒体中的学习行为和学业表现,人工智能和云计算在学习管理中的应用,教育数据挖掘和学习分析,数字化课程的评价和创新,针对教学过程的教育仿真和文本挖掘,涉及师生人格品质的数据挖掘。对典型研究案例进行剖析后发现,计算教育学研究在操作路径上具有如下共性:一是得益于体量庞大的数据,相较于精度,更追求宏观层面对数据的洞察;二是研究的起点是"基于数据"而非"基于假设",强调让数据"开口说话";三是在数据收集上倾向于获取"即时数据"。未来,我国计算教育学研究应当实现如下转变:从关注学的过程到关注教学过程,从研究学生认知过程到研究师生互动机制,从勤于技术突破到回归教育内涵,从借鉴国际经验到融合本土特色。

With the wide application of computer science and technology in educational study,the research paradigm based on massive data computing has become an important means,and has led to the transformation of basic perspectives and values of educational research.Computational education is just a generalization of this new educational research paradigm.It is a research field based on big data,with complex computing as the core,computing power as the support,and the goal to construct educational theory,solve educational problems and reveal teaching laws.Cluster analysis of related literature showed that computing education mainly involves six hot fields:learning behavior and academic performance in online social media,application of artificial intelligence and cloud computing in learning management,educational data mining and learning analysis,evaluation and innovation of digital curriculum,educational simulation and text mining for teaching process,and data mining involving personality quality of teachers and students.After analyzing the typical research cases,it was found that the research of computational education has the following common characteristics in the operation path.First,due to the huge volume of data,it pursues the macro analysis of data rather than the accuracy.Second,the starting point of research is based on data rather than hypothesis,emphasizing on letting data speak.Third,it tends to obtain real-time data in data collection.In the future,China’s computational education research needs to realize the following changes:from focusing on the learning process to the teaching process,from studying students’cognitive process to the interactive mechanism between teachers and students,from being diligent in technological breakthrough to returning to the connotation of education,from learning from international experience to integrating local characteristics.